diff --git a/include/ylt/coro_io/rate_limiter.hpp b/include/ylt/coro_io/rate_limiter.hpp
index b9b96fd1e..62340b775 100644
--- a/include/ylt/coro_io/rate_limiter.hpp
+++ b/include/ylt/coro_io/rate_limiter.hpp
@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ class abstract_smooth_rate_limiter : public rate_limiter {
     do_set_rate(permits_per_second, stable_internal_micros);
   }
   std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point reserve_earliest_available(
-      int required_permits, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now_micros) {
+      int required_permits,
+      std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now_micros) override {
     resync(now_micros);
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point return_value =
         this->next_free_ticket_micros_;
diff --git a/include/ylt/coro_rpc/impl/coro_rpc_client.hpp b/include/ylt/coro_rpc/impl/coro_rpc_client.hpp
index cdf6ea004..2a8bda43b 100644
--- a/include/ylt/coro_rpc/impl/coro_rpc_client.hpp
+++ b/include/ylt/coro_rpc/impl/coro_rpc_client.hpp
@@ -669,6 +669,7 @@ class coro_rpc_client {
     }
 
     auto &header = *(coro_rpc_protocol::req_header *)buffer.data();
+    header = {};
     header.magic = coro_rpc_protocol::magic_number;
     header.function_id = func_id<func>();
 #ifdef UNIT_TEST_INJECT
diff --git a/include/ylt/struct_pack.hpp b/include/ylt/struct_pack.hpp
index a4b524437..3d5b2c50a 100644
--- a/include/ylt/struct_pack.hpp
+++ b/include/ylt/struct_pack.hpp
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ STRUCT_PACK_INLINE void serialize_to(Writer &writer, const Args &...args) {
     auto data_offset = writer.size();
     auto info = detail::get_serialize_runtime_info<conf>(args...);
     auto total = data_offset + info.size();
-    writer.resize(total);
+    detail::resize(writer, total);
     auto real_writer =
         struct_pack::detail::memory_writer{(char *)writer.data() + data_offset};
     struct_pack::detail::serialize_to<conf>(real_writer, info, args...);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ void STRUCT_PACK_INLINE serialize_to_with_offset(Buffer &buffer,
   static_assert(sizeof...(args) > 0);
   auto info = detail::get_serialize_runtime_info<conf>(args...);
   auto old_size = buffer.size();
-  buffer.resize(old_size + offset + info.size());
+  detail::resize(buffer, old_size + offset + info.size());
   auto writer = struct_pack::detail::memory_writer{(char *)buffer.data() +
                                                    old_size + offset};
   struct_pack::detail::serialize_to<conf>(writer, info, args...);
diff --git a/include/ylt/struct_pack/type_trait.hpp b/include/ylt/struct_pack/type_trait.hpp
index d2bc224fc..20946f712 100644
--- a/include/ylt/struct_pack/type_trait.hpp
+++ b/include/ylt/struct_pack/type_trait.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace struct_pack::detail {
 template <typename T>
 constexpr bool struct_pack_byte =
     std::is_same_v<char, T> || std::is_same_v<unsigned char, T> ||
-    std::is_same_v<std::byte, T>;
+    std::is_same_v<signed char, T> || std::is_same_v<std::byte, T>;
 
 template <typename T>
 #if __cpp_concepts < 201907L
diff --git a/include/ylt/struct_pack/util.h b/include/ylt/struct_pack/util.h
index 9c54ac0b1..7ba44f791 100644
--- a/include/ylt/struct_pack/util.h
+++ b/include/ylt/struct_pack/util.h
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 #include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "marco.h"
 namespace struct_pack::detail {
@@ -77,4 +81,133 @@ constexpr void STRUCT_PACK_INLINE compile_time_unique(
     }
   }
 }
+
+#if __cpp_lib_string_resize_and_overwrite >= 202110L
+template <typename ch>
+inline void resize(std::basic_string<ch> &str, std::size_t sz) {
+  str.resize_and_overwrite(sz, [](ch *, std::size_t sz) {
+    return sz;
+  });
+}
+#elif (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1920)
+// old msvc don't support visit private, discard it.
+
+#else
+
+template <typename Function, Function func_ptr>
+class string_thief {
+ public:
+  friend void string_set_length_hacker(std::string &self, std::size_t sz) {
+#if defined(_MSVC_STL_VERSION)
+    (self.*func_ptr)._Myval2._Mysize = sz;
+#else
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+    (self.*func_ptr)(sz);
+#else
+#if (_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI == 0) && defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+    (self.*func_ptr)()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(sz);
+#else
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+    (self.*func_ptr)(sz);
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)  // libstdc++
+#if (_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI == 0)
+template class string_thief<decltype(&std::string::_M_rep),
+                            &std::string::_M_rep>;
+#else
+template class string_thief<decltype(&std::string::_M_set_length),
+                            &std::string::_M_set_length>;
+#endif
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+template class string_thief<decltype(&std::string::__set_size),
+                            &std::string::__set_size>;
+#elif defined(_MSVC_STL_VERSION)
+template class string_thief<decltype(&std::string::_Mypair),
+                            &std::string::_Mypair>;
+#endif
+
+void string_set_length_hacker(std::string &, std::size_t);
+
+template <typename ch>
+inline void resize(std::basic_string<ch> &raw_str, std::size_t sz) {
+  std::string &str = *reinterpret_cast<std::string *>(&raw_str);
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) || \
+    defined(_MSVC_STL_VERSION)
+  if (sz > str.capacity()) {
+    str.reserve(sz);
+  }
+  string_set_length_hacker(str, sz);
+  str[sz] = '\0';
+#else
+  raw_str.resize(sz);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1920)
+#else
+void vector_set_length_hacker(std::vector<char> &self, std::size_t sz);
+
+template <typename Function, Function func_ptr>
+class vector_thief {
+ public:
+  friend void vector_set_length_hacker(std::vector<char> &self,
+                                       std::size_t sz) {
+#if defined(_MSVC_STL_VERSION)
+    (self.*func_ptr)._Myval2._Mylast = self.data() + sz;
+#else
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+#if _LIBCPP_VERSION < 14000
+    ((*(std::__vector_base<char, std::allocator<char>> *)(&self)).*func_ptr) =
+        self.data() + sz;
+#else
+    (self.*func_ptr) = self.data() + sz;
+#endif
+#else
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+    ((*(std::_Vector_base<char, std::allocator<char>> *)(&self)).*func_ptr)
+        ._M_finish = self.data() + sz;
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)  // libstdc++
+template class vector_thief<decltype(&std::vector<char>::_M_impl),
+                            &std::vector<char>::_M_impl>;
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+template class vector_thief<decltype(&std::vector<char>::__end_),
+                            &std::vector<char>::__end_>;
+#elif defined(_MSVC_STL_VERSION)
+template class vector_thief<decltype(&std::vector<char>::_Mypair),
+                            &std::vector<char>::_Mypair>;
+#endif
+
+template <typename ch>
+inline void resize(std::vector<ch> &raw_vec, std::size_t sz) {
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) ||                                       \
+    (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_ASAN)) || \
+    defined(_MSVC_STL_VERSION)
+  std::vector<char> &vec = *reinterpret_cast<std::vector<char> *>(&raw_vec);
+  vec.reserve(sz);
+  vector_set_length_hacker(vec, sz);
+#else
+  raw_vec.resize(sz);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void resize(T &str, std::size_t sz) {
+  str.resize(sz);
+}
+
 }  // namespace struct_pack::detail
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/struct_pack/examples/basic_usage.cpp b/src/struct_pack/examples/basic_usage.cpp
index 7a6f31380..c2985219f 100644
--- a/src/struct_pack/examples/basic_usage.cpp
+++ b/src/struct_pack/examples/basic_usage.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,10 @@ void basic_usage() {
   // api 5. serialize with offset
   {
     auto buffer = struct_pack::serialize_with_offset(/* offset = */ 2, p);
-    assert(buffer[0] == '\0' && buffer[1] == '\0');
+    auto buffer2 = struct_pack::serialize(p);
+    bool result = std::string_view{buffer.data() + 2, buffer.size() - 2} ==
+                  std::string_view{buffer2.data(), buffer2.size()};
+    assert(result);
   }
   // api 6. serialize varadic param
   {