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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Programming Digital Media</title>
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class: center, middle, main-title
# Programming Digital Media
Examples for Programming Digital Media class at Louisiana State University, Spring 2019
[Slides](https://lsu-pdm-2019.netlify.com/readme.html)
---
class: center, middle, title
## Resources
---
### Tone.js
#### Basics
- [Tone.js Github](https://github.com/Tonejs/Tone.js) - main repository
- [Tone.js API](https://tonejs.github.io/docs/) - documentation
- [Tone.js Wiki](https://github.com/Tonejs/Tone.js/wiki) - covers a few things not explained in the API, ex. Time, envelopes
- [Tone.js Google Group](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/tonejs) - ask a question here if you can't get it answered in class
- [PDM Online Textbook](https://pdm.lsupathways.org/) - in development for highschool class but covers all necessary material
#### Extras
- [Interactive Presets](https://www.guitarland.com/MusicTheoryWithToneJS/Presets-gh-pages/) - use to experiment and find new sounds, do not copy presets from here else you add something unique to them.
- [Make music with Tone](https://www.guitarland.com/MusicTheoryWithToneJS/TonejsSetup.html) - some tutorials for making more traditional music with Tone
- [tone-rhythm](https://github.com/scraggo/tone-rhythm) - very helpful for making musical phrases with tone
- [Ex. Maria](https://codesandbox.io/s/qzq0lvpq0w) - play Maria with tone. This requires knowledge of importing from npm with the 'import' keyword. It will not work with a script tag.
- [Algorithmic Music Tutorial](https://junshern.github.io/algorithmic-music-tutorial/) - uses p5 sound but many of the creative ideas are transferable to Tone.js
---
#### Inspiration
- [Hackpact](https://stc.github.io/HackPact/) - Algorithmic audiovisual sonification studies
---
### Digital Audio
- [Digital Sound and Music](http://digitalsoundandmusic.com/curriculum/) - explanations and definitions of all things digital sound
---
### JS Basics
Still having trouble with some basics?
- [freeCodeCamp](https://www.freecodecamp.org/)
- [codecademy](https://www.codecademy.com/learn/introduction-to-javascript)
- [MDN web docs Javascript](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript) - includes some tutorials and the standard javascript reference
- [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/) - find answers or ask questions to javacript related things.
</textarea>
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var stylesheet = getRemarkStylesheet()
, pageRule = getPageRule(stylesheet)
;
pageRule.style.size = size;
}
// Locates the embedded remark stylesheet
function getRemarkStylesheet () {
var i, l = document.styleSheets.length;
for (i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
if (document.styleSheets[i].title === 'remark') {
return document.styleSheets[i];
}
}
}
// Locates the CSS @page rule
function getPageRule (stylesheet) {
var i, l = stylesheet.cssRules.length;
for (i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
if (stylesheet.cssRules[i] instanceof window.CSSPageRule) {
return stylesheet.cssRules[i];
}
}
}
},{"../../resources":6,"../../highlighter":7}],"components/timer":[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports=require('GFo1Ae');
},{}],"GFo1Ae":[function(require,module,exports){
var utils = require('../../utils');
module.exports = TimerViewModel;
function TimerViewModel (events, element) {
var self = this;
self.events = events;
self.element = element;
self.startTime = null;
self.pauseStart = null;
self.pauseLength = 0;
element.innerHTML = '0:00:00';
setInterval(function() {
self.updateTimer();
}, 100);
events.on('start', function () {
// When we do the first slide change, start the clock.
self.startTime = new Date();
});
events.on('resetTimer', function () {
// If we reset the timer, clear everything.
self.startTime = null;
self.pauseStart = null;
self.pauseLength = 0;
self.element.innerHTML = '0:00:00';
});
events.on('pause', function () {
self.pauseStart = new Date();
});
events.on('resume', function () {
self.pauseLength += new Date() - self.pauseStart;
self.pauseStart = null;
});
}
TimerViewModel.prototype.updateTimer = function () {
var self = this;
if (self.startTime) {
var millis;
// If we're currently paused, measure elapsed time from the pauseStart.
// Otherwise, use "now".
if (self.pauseStart) {
millis = self.pauseStart - self.startTime - self.pauseLength;
} else {
millis = new Date() - self.startTime - self.pauseLength;
}
var seconds = Math.floor(millis / 1000) % 60;
var minutes = Math.floor(millis / 60000) % 60;
var hours = Math.floor(millis / 3600000);
self.element.innerHTML = hours + (minutes > 9 ? ':' : ':0') + minutes + (seconds > 9 ? ':' : ':0') + seconds;
}
};
},{"../../utils":8}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
exports.apply = function () {
forEach([Array, window.NodeList, window.HTMLCollection], extend);
};
function forEach (list, f) {
var i;
for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
f(list[i], i);
}
}
function extend (object) {
var prototype = object && object.prototype;
if (!prototype) {
return;
}
prototype.forEach = prototype.forEach || function (f) {
forEach(this, f);
};
prototype.filter = prototype.filter || function (f) {
var result = [];
this.forEach(function (element) {
if (f(element, result.length)) {
result.push(element);
}
});
return result;
};
prototype.map = prototype.map || function (f) {
var result = [];
this.forEach(function (element) {
result.push(f(element, result.length));
});
return result;
};
}
},{}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
/* Automatically generated */
module.exports = {
version: "0.13.0",
documentStyles: "html.remark-container,body.remark-container{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;}.remark-container{background:#d7d8d2;margin:0;overflow:hidden;}.remark-container:focus{outline-style:solid;outline-width:1px;}.remark-container:-webkit-full-screen{width:100%;height:100%;}body:-webkit-full-screen{background:#000000;}body:-moz-full-screen{background:#000000;}body:fullscreen{background:#000000;}.remark-slides-area{position:relative;height:100%;width:100%;}.remark-slide-container{display:none;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;page-break-after:always;}.remark-slide-scaler{background-color:transparent;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;-webkit-transform-origin:top left;-moz-transform-origin:top left;transform-origin:top-left;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 30px #888;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 30px #888;box-shadow:0 0 30px #888;}.remark-slide{height:100%;width:100%;display:table;table-layout:fixed;}.remark-slide>.left{text-align:left;}.remark-slide>.center{text-align:center;}.remark-slide>.right{text-align:right;}.remark-slide>.top{vertical-align:top;}.remark-slide>.middle{vertical-align:middle;}.remark-slide>.bottom{vertical-align:bottom;}.remark-slide-content{background-color:#fff;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:table-cell;font-size:20px;padding:1em 4em 1em 4em;}.remark-slide-content h1{font-size:55px;}.remark-slide-content h2{font-size:45px;}.remark-slide-content h3{font-size:35px;}.remark-slide-content .left{display:block;text-align:left;}.remark-slide-content .center{display:block;text-align:center;}.remark-slide-content .right{display:block;text-align:right;}.remark-slide-number{bottom:12px;opacity:0.5;position:absolute;right:20px;}.remark-slide-notes{border-top:3px solid black;position:absolute;display:none;}.remark-code{font-size:18px;}.remark-code-line{min-height:1em;}.remark-code-line-highlighted{background-color:rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.5);}.remark-code-span-highlighted{background-color:rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.5);padding:1px 2px 2px 2px;}.remark-visible{display:block;z-index:2;}.remark-fading{display:block;z-index:1;}.remark-fading .remark-slide-scaler{-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;}.remark-backdrop{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:none;background:#000;z-index:2;}.remark-pause{bottom:0;top:0;right:0;left:0;display:none;position:absolute;z-index:1000;}.remark-pause .remark-pause-lozenge{margin-top:30%;text-align:center;}.remark-pause .remark-pause-lozenge span{color:white;background:black;border:2px solid black;border-radius:20px;padding:20px 30px;font-family:Helvetica,arial,freesans,clean,sans-serif;font-size:42pt;font-weight:bold;}.remark-container.remark-presenter-mode.remark-pause-mode .remark-pause{display:block;}.remark-container.remark-presenter-mode.remark-pause-mode .remark-backdrop{display:block;opacity:0.5;}.remark-help{bottom:0;top:0;right:0;left:0;display:none;position:absolute;z-index:1000;-webkit-transform-origin:top left;-moz-transform-origin:top left;transform-origin:top-left;}.remark-help .remark-help-content{color:white;font-family:Helvetica,arial,freesans,clean,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;position:absolute;top:5%;bottom:10%;height:10%;left:5%;width:90%;}.remark-help .remark-help-content h1{font-size:36px;}.remark-help .remark-help-content td{color:white;font-size:12pt;padding:10px;}.remark-help .remark-help-content td:first-child{padding-left:0;}.remark-help .remark-help-content .key{background:white;color:black;min-width:1em;display:inline-block;padding:3px 6px;text-align:center;border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;}.remark-help .dismiss{top:85%;}.remark-container.remark-help-mode .remark-help{display:block;}.remark-container.remark-help-mode .remark-backdrop{display:block;opacity:0.95;}.remark-preview-area{bottom:2%;left:2%;display:none;opacity:0.5;position:absolute;height:47.25%;width:48%;}.remark-preview-area .remark-slide-container{display:block;}.remark-notes-area{background:#fff;bottom:0;color:black;display:none;left:52%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;}.remark-notes-area .remark-top-area{height:50px;left:20px;position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area{position:absolute;top:75px;bottom:10px;left:20px;right:10px;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-toggle{display:block;text-decoration:none;font-family:Helvetica,arial,freesans,clean,sans-serif;height:21px;font-size:0.75em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#ccc;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes-current-area{height:70%;position:relative;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes-current-area .remark-notes{clear:both;border-top:1px solid #f5f5f5;position:absolute;top:22px;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;overflow-y:auto;margin-bottom:20px;padding-top:10px;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes-preview-area{height:30%;position:relative;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes-preview-area .remark-notes-preview{border-top:1px solid #f5f5f5;position:absolute;top:22px;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;overflow-y:auto;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes>*:first-child,.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes-preview>*:first-child{margin-top:5px;}.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes>*:last-child,.remark-notes-area .remark-bottom-area .remark-notes-preview>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.remark-toolbar{color:#979892;vertical-align:middle;}.remark-toolbar .remark-toolbar-link{border:2px solid #d7d8d2;color:#979892;display:inline-block;padding:2px 2px;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;min-width:20px;}.remark-toolbar .remark-toolbar-link:hover{border-color:#979892;color:#676862;}.remark-toolbar .remark-toolbar-timer{border:2px solid black;border-radius:10px;background:black;color:white;display:inline-block;float:right;padding:5px 10px;font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:175%;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;}.remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-slides-area{top:2%;left:2%;height:47.25%;width:48%;}.remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-preview-area{display:block;}.remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-notes-area{display:block;}.remark-container.remark-blackout-mode:not(.remark-presenter-mode) .remark-backdrop{display:block;opacity:0.99;}.remark-container.remark-mirrored-mode:not(.remark-presenter-mode) .remark-slides-area{-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);-moz-transform:scaleX(-1);-ms-transform:scaleX(-1);-o-transform:scaleX(-1);}@media print{.remark-container{overflow:visible;background-color:#fff;} .remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-slides-area{top:0px;left:0px;height:100%;width:681px;} .remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-preview-area,.remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-notes-area{display:none;} .remark-container.remark-presenter-mode .remark-slide-notes{display:block;margin-left:30px;width:621px;} .remark-slide-container{display:block;position:relative;} .remark-slide-scaler{-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-webkit-transform-origin:initial;box-shadow:none;}}@page {margin:0;}",
containerLayout: "<div class=\"remark-notes-area\">\n <div class=\"remark-top-area\">\n <div class=\"remark-toolbar\">\n <a class=\"remark-toolbar-link\" href=\"#increase\">+</a>\n <a class=\"remark-toolbar-link\" href=\"#decrease\">-</a>\n <span class=\"remark-toolbar-timer\"></span>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"remark-bottom-area\">\n <div class=\"remark-notes-current-area\">\n <div class=\"remark-toggle\">Notes for current slide</div>\n <div class=\"remark-notes\"></div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"remark-notes-preview-area\">\n <div class=\"remark-toggle\">Notes for next slide</div>\n <div class=\"remark-notes-preview\"></div>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"remark-slides-area\"></div>\n<div class=\"remark-preview-area\"></div>\n<div class=\"remark-backdrop\"></div>\n<div class=\"remark-pause\">\n <div class=\"remark-pause-lozenge\">\n <span>Paused</span>\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"remark-help\">\n <div class=\"remark-help-content\">\n <h1>Help</h1>\n <p><b>Keyboard shortcuts</b></p>\n <table class=\"light-keys\">\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\"><b>↑</b></span>,\n <span class=\"key\"><b>←</b></span>,\n <span class=\"key\">Pg Up</span>,\n <span class=\"key\">k</span>\n </td>\n <td>Go to previous slide</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\"><b>↓</b></span>,\n <span class=\"key\"><b>→</b></span>,\n <span class=\"key\">Pg Dn</span>,\n <span class=\"key\">Space</span>,\n <span class=\"key\">j</span>\n </td>\n <td>Go to next slide</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">Home</span>\n </td>\n <td>Go to first slide</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">End</span>\n </td>\n <td>Go to last slide</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">b</span> /\n <span class=\"key\">m</span> /\n <span class=\"key\">f</span>\n </td>\n <td>Toggle blackout / mirrored / fullscreen mode</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">c</span>\n </td>\n <td>Clone slideshow</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">p</span>\n </td>\n <td>Toggle presenter mode</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">t</span>\n </td>\n <td>Restart the presentation timer</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">?</span>,\n <span class=\"key\">h</span>\n </td>\n <td>Toggle this help</td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n </div>\n <div class=\"content dismiss\">\n <table class=\"light-keys\">\n <tr>\n <td>\n <span class=\"key\">Esc</span>\n </td>\n <td>Back to slideshow</td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n </div>\n</div>\n"
};
},{}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
(function(){/* Automatically generated */
var hljs = (function() {
var exports = {};
/*
Syntax highlighting with language autodetection.
https://highlightjs.org/
*/
(function(factory) {
// Setup highlight.js for different environments. First is Node.js or
// CommonJS.
if(typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
factory(exports);
} else {
// Export hljs globally even when using AMD for cases when this script
// is loaded with others that may still expect a global hljs.
self.hljs = factory({});
// Finally register the global hljs with AMD.
if(typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
define('hljs', [], function() {
return self.hljs;
});
}
}
}(function(hljs) {
/* Utility functions */
function escape(value) {
return value.replace(/&/gm, '&').replace(/</gm, '<').replace(/>/gm, '>');
}
function tag(node) {
return node.nodeName.toLowerCase();
}
function testRe(re, lexeme) {
var match = re && re.exec(lexeme);
return match && match.index == 0;
}
function isNotHighlighted(language) {
return (/^(no-?highlight|plain|text)$/i).test(language);
}
function blockLanguage(block) {
var i, match, length,
classes = block.className + ' ';
classes += block.parentNode ? block.parentNode.className : '';
// language-* takes precedence over non-prefixed class names
match = (/\blang(?:uage)?-([\w-]+)\b/i).exec(classes);
if (match) {
return getLanguage(match[1]) ? match[1] : 'no-highlight';
}
classes = classes.split(/\s+/);
for (i = 0, length = classes.length; i < length; i++) {
if (getLanguage(classes[i]) || isNotHighlighted(classes[i])) {
return classes[i];
}
}
}
function inherit(parent, obj) {
var result = {}, key;
for (key in parent)
result[key] = parent[key];
if (obj)
for (key in obj)
result[key] = obj[key];
return result;
}
/* Stream merging */
function nodeStream(node) {
var result = [];
(function _nodeStream(node, offset) {
for (var child = node.firstChild; child; child = child.nextSibling) {
if (child.nodeType == 3)
offset += child.nodeValue.length;
else if (child.nodeType == 1) {
result.push({
event: 'start',
offset: offset,
node: child
});
offset = _nodeStream(child, offset);
// Prevent void elements from having an end tag that would actually
// double them in the output. There are more void elements in HTML
// but we list only those realistically expected in code display.
if (!tag(child).match(/br|hr|img|input/)) {
result.push({
event: 'stop',
offset: offset,
node: child
});
}
}
}
return offset;
})(node, 0);
return result;
}
function mergeStreams(original, highlighted, value) {
var processed = 0;
var result = '';
var nodeStack = [];
function selectStream() {
if (!original.length || !highlighted.length) {
return original.length ? original : highlighted;
}
if (original[0].offset != highlighted[0].offset) {
return (original[0].offset < highlighted[0].offset) ? original : highlighted;
}
/*
To avoid starting the stream just before it should stop the order is
ensured that original always starts first and closes last:
if (event1 == 'start' && event2 == 'start')
return original;
if (event1 == 'start' && event2 == 'stop')
return highlighted;
if (event1 == 'stop' && event2 == 'start')
return original;
if (event1 == 'stop' && event2 == 'stop')
return highlighted;
... which is collapsed to:
*/
return highlighted[0].event == 'start' ? original : highlighted;
}
function open(node) {
function attr_str(a) {return ' ' + a.nodeName + '="' + escape(a.value) + '"';}
result += '<' + tag(node) + Array.prototype.map.call(node.attributes, attr_str).join('') + '>';
}
function close(node) {
result += '</' + tag(node) + '>';
}
function render(event) {
(event.event == 'start' ? open : close)(event.node);
}
while (original.length || highlighted.length) {
var stream = selectStream();
result += escape(value.substr(processed, stream[0].offset - processed));
processed = stream[0].offset;
if (stream == original) {
/*
On any opening or closing tag of the original markup we first close
the entire highlighted node stack, then render the original tag along
with all the following original tags at the same offset and then
reopen all the tags on the highlighted stack.
*/
nodeStack.reverse().forEach(close);
do {
render(stream.splice(0, 1)[0]);
stream = selectStream();
} while (stream == original && stream.length && stream[0].offset == processed);
nodeStack.reverse().forEach(open);
} else {
if (stream[0].event == 'start') {
nodeStack.push(stream[0].node);
} else {
nodeStack.pop();
}
render(stream.splice(0, 1)[0]);
}
}
return result + escape(value.substr(processed));
}
/* Initialization */
function compileLanguage(language) {
function reStr(re) {
return (re && re.source) || re;
}
function langRe(value, global) {
return new RegExp(
reStr(value),
'm' + (language.case_insensitive ? 'i' : '') + (global ? 'g' : '')
);
}
function compileMode(mode, parent) {
if (mode.compiled)
return;
mode.compiled = true;
mode.keywords = mode.keywords || mode.beginKeywords;
if (mode.keywords) {
var compiled_keywords = {};
var flatten = function(className, str) {
if (language.case_insensitive) {
str = str.toLowerCase();
}
str.split(' ').forEach(function(kw) {
var pair = kw.split('|');
compiled_keywords[pair[0]] = [className, pair[1] ? Number(pair[1]) : 1];
});
};
if (typeof mode.keywords == 'string') { // string
flatten('keyword', mode.keywords);
} else {
Object.keys(mode.keywords).forEach(function (className) {
flatten(className, mode.keywords[className]);
});
}
mode.keywords = compiled_keywords;
}
mode.lexemesRe = langRe(mode.lexemes || /\b\w+\b/, true);
if (parent) {
if (mode.beginKeywords) {
mode.begin = '\\b(' + mode.beginKeywords.split(' ').join('|') + ')\\b';
}
if (!mode.begin)
mode.begin = /\B|\b/;
mode.beginRe = langRe(mode.begin);
if (!mode.end && !mode.endsWithParent)
mode.end = /\B|\b/;
if (mode.end)
mode.endRe = langRe(mode.end);
mode.terminator_end = reStr(mode.end) || '';
if (mode.endsWithParent && parent.terminator_end)
mode.terminator_end += (mode.end ? '|' : '') + parent.terminator_end;
}
if (mode.illegal)
mode.illegalRe = langRe(mode.illegal);
if (mode.relevance === undefined)
mode.relevance = 1;
if (!mode.contains) {
mode.contains = [];
}
var expanded_contains = [];
mode.contains.forEach(function(c) {
if (c.variants) {
c.variants.forEach(function(v) {expanded_contains.push(inherit(c, v));});
} else {
expanded_contains.push(c == 'self' ? mode : c);
}
});
mode.contains = expanded_contains;
mode.contains.forEach(function(c) {compileMode(c, mode);});
if (mode.starts) {
compileMode(mode.starts, parent);
}
var terminators =
mode.contains.map(function(c) {
return c.beginKeywords ? '\\.?(' + c.begin + ')\\.?' : c.begin;
})
.concat([mode.terminator_end, mode.illegal])
.map(reStr)
.filter(Boolean);
mode.terminators = terminators.length ? langRe(terminators.join('|'), true) : {exec: function(/*s*/) {return null;}};
}
compileMode(language);
}
/*
Core highlighting function. Accepts a language name, or an alias, and a
string with the code to highlight. Returns an object with the following
properties:
- relevance (int)
- value (an HTML string with highlighting markup)
*/
function highlight(name, value, ignore_illegals, continuation) {
function subMode(lexeme, mode) {
for (var i = 0; i < mode.contains.length; i++) {
if (testRe(mode.contains[i].beginRe, lexeme)) {
return mode.contains[i];
}
}
}
function endOfMode(mode, lexeme) {
if (testRe(mode.endRe, lexeme)) {
while (mode.endsParent && mode.parent) {
mode = mode.parent;
}
return mode;
}
if (mode.endsWithParent) {