SONARJAVA-7167 Implement rule S9438 - Private fields that are never reassigned after construction should be declared "final" by rombirli · Pull Request #6347 · SonarSource/sonar-java

rombirli · 2026-10-14T09:44:27Z

Implements S9438 for Java.

The rule raises on a private, non-static, non-final instance field that is assigned exactly once during object initialization and never reassigned afterwards, so it can be declared final.

RSPEC: https://github.com/SonarSource/rspec/pull/8340
Jira: https://sonarsource.atlassian.net/browse/SONARJAVA-7167

Scope

A field is reported only when final would actually compile:

by its own initializer, with no other assignment, or
by a single instance initializer block, or
by every constructor that does not delegate to another one, exactly once each.

Not reported

compound assignments and increments, which read before writing
assignments nested in a conditional, loop, try, lambda or inner class, since they do not always run exactly once
assignments through another instance (other.field = ...)
fields carrying any annotation, which covers injection, deserialization and mocking frameworks
fields of JPA entities, written reflectively outside any constructor
classes with a Lombok-generated setter, handled in LombokFilter
fields never assigned at all, where final would not compile

A quick fix adds the final modifier.

hashicorp-vault-sonar-prod · 2026-10-14T09:44:42Z

SONARJAVA-7167

github-actions · 2026-10-14T10:02:36Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6348

github-actions · 2026-10-14T10:02:49Z

Ruling Diff Summary

Detected changes in 7 rule files: 0 issues removed, 307 issues added.

S9438 (java) on commons-beanutils - 0 issues removed, 3 issues added - new ruling file

Added src/main/java/org/apache/commons/beanutils2/BeanMap.java (line 51)

        46 |  */
        47 | public class BeanMap extends AbstractMap<Object, Object> implements Cloneable {
        48 | 
        49 |     private transient Object bean;
        50 | 
>>>     51 |     private transient HashMap<String, Method> readMethods = new HashMap<>();
        52 |     private transient HashMap<String, Method> writeMethods = new HashMap<>();
        53 |     private transient HashMap<String, Class<? extends Object>> types = new HashMap<>();
        54 | 
        55 |     /**
        56 |      * An empty array.  Used to invoke accessors via reflection.

Added src/main/java/org/apache/commons/beanutils2/BeanMap.java (line 52)

        47 | public class BeanMap extends AbstractMap<Object, Object> implements Cloneable {
        48 | 
        49 |     private transient Object bean;
        50 | 
        51 |     private transient HashMap<String, Method> readMethods = new HashMap<>();
>>>     52 |     private transient HashMap<String, Method> writeMethods = new HashMap<>();
        53 |     private transient HashMap<String, Class<? extends Object>> types = new HashMap<>();
        54 | 
        55 |     /**
        56 |      * An empty array.  Used to invoke accessors via reflection.
        57 |      */

Added src/main/java/org/apache/commons/beanutils2/BeanMap.java (line 53)

        48 | 
        49 |     private transient Object bean;
        50 | 
        51 |     private transient HashMap<String, Method> readMethods = new HashMap<>();
        52 |     private transient HashMap<String, Method> writeMethods = new HashMap<>();
>>>     53 |     private transient HashMap<String, Class<? extends Object>> types = new HashMap<>();
        54 | 
        55 |     /**
        56 |      * An empty array.  Used to invoke accessors via reflection.
        57 |      */
        58 |     public static final Object[] NULL_ARGUMENTS = {};

S9438 (java) on eclipse-jetty - 0 issues removed, 34 issues added - new ruling file

Added jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpCookie.java (line 60)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpCookie.java)

Added jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpParser.java (line 171)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpParser.java)

Added jetty-io/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/io/ssl/SslConnection.java (line 124)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-io/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/io/ssl/SslConnection.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java (line 59)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java (line 496)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/MultiPartParser.java (line 82)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/MultiPartParser.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/DebugHandler.java (line 46)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/DebugHandler.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/InetAccessSet.java (line 35)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/InetAccessSet.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ThreadLimitHandler.java (line 335)

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Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java (line 36)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java (line 38)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java (line 39)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionHandler.java (line 1067)

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Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java (line 30)

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Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java (line 31)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java)

S9438 (java) on eclipse-jetty-similar-to-main - 0 issues removed, 17 issues added - new ruling file

Added jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpCookie.java (line 60)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpCookie.java)

Added jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpParser.java (line 171)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-http/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/http/HttpParser.java)

Added jetty-io/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/io/ssl/SslConnection.java (line 124)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-io/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/io/ssl/SslConnection.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java (line 59)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java (line 496)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/LowResourceMonitor.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/MultiPartParser.java (line 82)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/MultiPartParser.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/DebugHandler.java (line 46)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/DebugHandler.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/InetAccessSet.java (line 35)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/InetAccessSet.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ThreadLimitHandler.java (line 335)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/handler/ThreadLimitHandler.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java (line 36)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java (line 38)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java (line 39)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionContext.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionHandler.java (line 1067)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/SessionHandler.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java (line 30)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java)

Added jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java (line 31)

(source file not found at this revision: jetty-server/src/main/java/org/eclipse/jetty/server/session/UnreadableSessionDataException.java)

S9438 (java) on guava - 0 issues removed, 6 issues added - new ruling file

Added src/com/google/common/base/MoreObjects.java (line 139)

       134 |    * @author Jason Lee
       135 |    * @since 18.0 (since 2.0 as {@code Objects.ToStringHelper}).
       136 |    */
       137 |   public static final class ToStringHelper {
       138 |     private final String className;
>>>    139 |     private ValueHolder holderHead = new ValueHolder();
       140 |     private ValueHolder holderTail = holderHead;
       141 |     private boolean omitNullValues = false;
       142 | 
       143 |     /**
       144 |      * Use {@link MoreObjects#toStringHelper(Object)} to create an instance.

Added src/com/google/common/base/Objects.java (line 205)

       200 |    *      scheduled for removal in June 2016.
       201 |    */
       202 |   @Deprecated
       203 |   public static final class ToStringHelper {
       204 |     private final String className;
>>>    205 |     private ValueHolder holderHead = new ValueHolder();
       206 |     private ValueHolder holderTail = holderHead;
       207 |     private boolean omitNullValues = false;
       208 | 
       209 |     /**
       210 |      * Use {@link Objects#toStringHelper(Object)} to create an instance.

Added src/com/google/common/collect/ConcurrentHashMultiset.java (line 511)

       506 |   Iterator<Entry<E>> entryIterator() {
       507 |     // AbstractIterator makes this fairly clean, but it doesn't support remove(). To support
       508 |     // remove(), we create an AbstractIterator, and then use ForwardingIterator to delegate to it.
       509 |     final Iterator<Entry<E>> readOnlyIterator =
       510 |         new AbstractIterator<Entry<E>>() {
>>>    511 |           private Iterator<Map.Entry<E, AtomicInteger>> mapEntries = countMap.entrySet().iterator();
       512 | 
       513 |           @Override
       514 |           protected Entry<E> computeNext() {
       515 |             while (true) {
       516 |               if (!mapEntries.hasNext()) {

Added src/com/google/common/collect/ImmutableSortedMap.java (line 507)

       502 |     }
       503 |   }
       504 | 
       505 |   private final transient RegularImmutableSortedSet<K> keySet;
       506 |   private final transient ImmutableList<V> valueList;
>>>    507 |   private transient ImmutableSortedMap<K, V> descendingMap;
       508 | 
       509 |   ImmutableSortedMap(RegularImmutableSortedSet<K> keySet, ImmutableList<V> valueList) {
       510 |     this(keySet, valueList, null);
       511 |   }
       512 |

Added src/com/google/common/io/MultiInputStream.java (line 36)

        31 |  * @author Chris Nokleberg
        32 |  * @since 1.0
        33 |  */
        34 | final class MultiInputStream extends InputStream {
        35 | 
>>>     36 |   private Iterator<? extends ByteSource> it;
        37 |   private InputStream in;
        38 | 
        39 |   /**
        40 |    * Creates a new instance.
        41 |    *

Added src/com/google/common/util/concurrent/SmoothRateLimiter.java (line 210)

       205 |      * The slope of the line from the stable interval (when permits == 0), to the cold interval
       206 |      * (when permits == maxPermits)
       207 |      */
       208 |     private double slope;
       209 |     private double thresholdPermits;
>>>    210 |     private double coldFactor;
       211 | 
       212 |     SmoothWarmingUp(
       213 |         SleepingStopwatch stopwatch, long warmupPeriod, TimeUnit timeUnit, double coldFactor) {
       214 |       super(stopwatch);
       215 |       this.warmupPeriodMicros = timeUnit.toMicros(warmupPeriod);

S9438 (java) on jboss-ejb3-tutorial - 0 issues removed, 7 issues added - new ruling file

Added cachedentity/src/org/jboss/tutorial/cachedentity/bean/EntityTestBean.java (line 50)

        45 |    private EntityManager manager;
        46 |    
        47 |    /**
        48 |     * Logger
        49 |     */
>>>     50 |    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(EntityTestBean.class);
        51 | 
        52 |    public Customer createCustomer()
        53 |    {
        54 |       Customer customer = new Customer();
        55 |       customer.setName("JBoss");

Added injection/src/org/jboss/tutorial/injection/bean/ShoppingCartBean.java (line 35)

        30 | 
        31 | @Stateful
        32 | @Remote(ShoppingCart.class)
        33 | public class ShoppingCartBean implements ShoppingCart, java.io.Serializable
        34 | {
>>>     35 |    private HashMap<String, Integer> cart = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        36 | 
        37 |    @EJB
        38 |    private Calculator calculator;
        39 | 
        40 |

Added jboss_deployment_descriptor/src/org/jboss/tutorial/jboss_deployment_descriptor/bean/ShoppingCartBean.java (line 29)

        24 | import java.io.Serializable;
        25 | import java.util.HashMap;
        26 | 
        27 | public class ShoppingCartBean implements ShoppingCart, Serializable
        28 | {
>>>     29 |    private HashMap<String, Integer> cart = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        30 | 
        31 |    public void buy(String product, int quantity)
        32 |    {
        33 |       if (cart.containsKey(product))
        34 |       {

Added jndibinding/src/org/jboss/tutorial/jndibinding/bean/CustomerBean.java (line 46)

        41 | @Remote(CustomerManager.class)
        42 | @RemoteBinding(jndiBinding = "CustomerManager")
        43 | public class CustomerBean implements CustomerManager
        44 | {
        45 |    // Logger
>>>     46 |    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CustomerBean.class);
        47 | 
        48 |    // must match the one in persistence.xml
        49 |    private static final String ENTITY_MANAGER_JNDI_NAME = "java:/jboss-ejb3-tutorial-jndibinding-EntityManager";
        50 |    
        51 |    public long createCustomer(String name)

Added partial_deployment_descriptor/src/org/jboss/tutorial/partial_deployment_descriptor/bean/ExternalCallbackListener.java (line 40)

        35 | {
        36 | 
        37 |    /**
        38 |     * Logger
        39 |     */
>>>     40 |    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ExternalCallbackListener.class);
        41 |    
        42 |    public Object postConstruct(InvocationContext invocationContext) throws Exception
        43 |    {
        44 |       logger.info("Post-construct invoked for bean " + invocationContext.getTarget());
        45 |       return invocationContext.proceed();

Added stateful/src/org/jboss/tutorial/stateful/bean/ShoppingCartBean.java (line 35)

        30 | 
        31 | @Stateful
        32 | @Remote(ShoppingCart.class)
        33 | public class ShoppingCartBean implements ShoppingCart, Serializable
        34 | {
>>>     35 |    private HashMap<String, Integer> cart = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        36 | 
        37 |    public void buy(String product, int quantity)
        38 |    {
        39 |       if (cart.containsKey(product))
        40 |       {

Added stateful_deployment_descriptor/src/org/jboss/tutorial/stateful_deployment_descriptor/bean/ShoppingCartBean.java (line 29)

        24 | import java.io.Serializable;
        25 | import java.util.HashMap;
        26 | 
        27 | public class ShoppingCartBean implements ShoppingCart, Serializable
        28 | {
>>>     29 |    private HashMap<String, Integer> cart = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        30 | 
        31 |    public void buy(String product, int quantity)
        32 |    {
        33 |       if (cart.containsKey(product))
        34 |       {

S9438 (java) on mall - 0 issues removed, 155 issues added - new ruling file

Added mall-common/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/common/api/ResultCode.java (line 13)

         8 |     SUCCESS(200, "操作成功"),
         9 |     FAILED(500, "操作失败"),
        10 |     VALIDATE_FAILED(404, "参数检验失败"),
        11 |     UNAUTHORIZED(401, "暂未登录或token已经过期"),
        12 |     FORBIDDEN(403, "没有相关权限");
>>>     13 |     private long code;
        14 |     private String message;
        15 | 
        16 |     private ResultCode(long code, String message) {
        17 |         this.code = code;
        18 |         this.message = message;

Added mall-common/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/common/api/ResultCode.java (line 14)

         9 |     FAILED(500, "操作失败"),
        10 |     VALIDATE_FAILED(404, "参数检验失败"),
        11 |     UNAUTHORIZED(401, "暂未登录或token已经过期"),
        12 |     FORBIDDEN(403, "没有相关权限");
        13 |     private long code;
>>>     14 |     private String message;
        15 | 
        16 |     private ResultCode(long code, String message) {
        17 |         this.code = code;
        18 |         this.message = message;
        19 |     }

Added mall-demo/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/demo/bo/AdminUserDetails.java (line 16)

        11 | /**
        12 |  * SpringSecurity需要的用户详情
        13 |  * Created by macro on 2018/4/26.
        14 |  */
        15 | public class AdminUserDetails implements UserDetails {
>>>     16 |     private UmsAdmin umsAdmin;
        17 | 
        18 |     public AdminUserDetails(UmsAdmin umsAdmin) {
        19 |         this.umsAdmin = umsAdmin;
        20 |     }
        21 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsHelpCategoryExample.java (line 495)

       490 |             super();
       491 |         }
       492 |     }
       493 | 
       494 |     public static class Criterion {
>>>    495 |         private String condition;
       496 | 
       497 |         private Object value;
       498 | 
       499 |         private Object secondValue;
       500 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsHelpCategoryExample.java (line 509)

       504 | 
       505 |         private boolean betweenValue;
       506 | 
       507 |         private boolean listValue;
       508 | 
>>>    509 |         private String typeHandler;
       510 | 
       511 |         public String getCondition() {
       512 |             return condition;
       513 |         }
       514 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsHelpExample.java (line 556)

       551 |             super();
       552 |         }
       553 |     }
       554 | 
       555 |     public static class Criterion {
>>>    556 |         private String condition;
       557 | 
       558 |         private Object value;
       559 | 
       560 |         private Object secondValue;
       561 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsHelpExample.java (line 570)

       565 | 
       566 |         private boolean betweenValue;
       567 | 
       568 |         private boolean listValue;
       569 | 
>>>    570 |         private String typeHandler;
       571 | 
       572 |         public String getCondition() {
       573 |             return condition;
       574 |         }
       575 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsMemberReportExample.java (line 626)

       621 |             super();
       622 |         }
       623 |     }
       624 | 
       625 |     public static class Criterion {
>>>    626 |         private String condition;
       627 | 
       628 |         private Object value;
       629 | 
       630 |         private Object secondValue;
       631 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsMemberReportExample.java (line 640)

       635 | 
       636 |         private boolean betweenValue;
       637 | 
       638 |         private boolean listValue;
       639 | 
>>>    640 |         private String typeHandler;
       641 | 
       642 |         public String getCondition() {
       643 |             return condition;
       644 |         }
       645 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsPrefrenceAreaExample.java (line 435)

       430 |             super();
       431 |         }
       432 |     }
       433 | 
       434 |     public static class Criterion {
>>>    435 |         private String condition;
       436 | 
       437 |         private Object value;
       438 | 
       439 |         private Object secondValue;
       440 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsPrefrenceAreaExample.java (line 449)

       444 | 
       445 |         private boolean betweenValue;
       446 | 
       447 |         private boolean listValue;
       448 | 
>>>    449 |         private String typeHandler;
       450 | 
       451 |         public String getCondition() {
       452 |             return condition;
       453 |         }
       454 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsPrefrenceAreaProductRelationExample.java (line 295)

       290 |             super();
       291 |         }
       292 |     }
       293 | 
       294 |     public static class Criterion {
>>>    295 |         private String condition;
       296 | 
       297 |         private Object value;
       298 | 
       299 |         private Object secondValue;
       300 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsPrefrenceAreaProductRelationExample.java (line 309)

       304 | 
       305 |         private boolean betweenValue;
       306 | 
       307 |         private boolean listValue;
       308 | 
>>>    309 |         private String typeHandler;
       310 | 
       311 |         public String getCondition() {
       312 |             return condition;
       313 |         }
       314 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsSubjectCategoryExample.java (line 495)

       490 |             super();
       491 |         }
       492 |     }
       493 | 
       494 |     public static class Criterion {
>>>    495 |         private String condition;
       496 | 
       497 |         private Object value;
       498 | 
       499 |         private Object secondValue;
       500 |

Added mall-mbg/src/main/java/com/macro/mall/model/CmsSubjectCategoryExample.java (line 509)

       504 | 
       505 |         private boolean betweenValue;
       506 | 
       507 |         private boolean listValue;
       508 | 
>>>    509 |         private String typeHandler;
       510 | 
       511 |         public String getCondition() {
       512 |             return condition;
       513 |         }
       514 |

S9438 (java) on sonarqube-6.5 - 0 issues removed, 85 issues added - new ruling file

Added src/main/java/org/sonar/ce/queue/CeQueueImpl.java (line 56)

(source file not found at this revision: src/main/java/org/sonar/ce/queue/CeQueueImpl.java)

Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/app/TomcatAccessLog.java (line 62)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/authentication/SsoAuthenticator.java (line 90)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/batch/ProjectDataLoader.java (line 218)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/batch/ProjectDataLoader.java (line 219)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/batch/ProjectDataLoader.java (line 220)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/component/ws/SuggestionsAction.java (line 93)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/computation/task/projectanalysis/analysis/Analysis.java (line 31)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/computation/task/projectanalysis/analysis/Analysis.java (line 32)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/computation/task/projectanalysis/analysis/Analysis.java (line 33)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/computation/task/projectanalysis/duplication/DuplicationRepositoryImpl.java (line 36)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/computation/task/projectanalysis/duplication/IntegrateCrossProjectDuplications.java (line 58)

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Added src/main/java/org/sonar/server/computation/task/projectanalysis/issue/NewEffortAggregator.java (line 62)

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github-actions · 2026-10-14T10:20:23Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6348

github-actions · 2026-10-14T10:37:25Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6348

github-actions · 2026-10-14T12:11:49Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6348

github-actions · 2026-10-14T12:34:53Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6348

github-actions · 2026-10-14T13:43:40Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6351

github-actions · 2026-10-14T14:00:54Z

⚖️ Ruling update ready for review: #6351

rombirli · 2026-10-15T05:44:08Z

/pvf

hashicorp-vault-sonar-prod · 2026-10-15T06:08:47Z

📊 Performance Validation complete
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hashicorp-vault-sonar-prod · 2026-10-15T09:13:44Z

📊 Performance Validation complete
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romainbrenguier · 2026-10-15T09:48:00Z

+<p>The rule raises an issue on a <code>private</code>, non-<code>final</code> instance field whose value is assigned only during object initialization
+and never reassigned afterwards.</p>


I think this should be the first sentence in the rule description

Done, the description now starts with what the rule reports.

romainbrenguier · 2026-10-15T09:50:49Z

+  <li>Fields that are not assigned on every constructor path, since a <code>final</code> field must be definitely assigned by the end of each
+  constructor and the code would no longer compile.</li>


Do we really check that in the implementation? That would require using the CFG

Right, it's syntactic only. Reworded the exception to describe what is actually checked.

romainbrenguier · 2026-10-15T09:55:41Z

+  private static Tree enclosingWriteExpression(IdentifierTree usage) {
+    Tree target = usage;
+    Tree parent = usage.parent();
+    if (parent != null && parent.is(Tree.Kind.MEMBER_SELECT) && ((MemberSelectExpressionTree) parent).identifier() == usage) {


We need to unwrap parentheses around the expression, looking just at the parent is not enough.

Done, parentheses are now unwrapped for writes and for the this check.

hashicorp-vault-sonar-prod · 2026-10-15T10:18:59Z

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gitar-bot · 2026-10-16T13:08:47Z

Code Review ✅ Approved 14 closed / 14 findings

🟡 Medium risk · Adding S9438 changes Java analysis findings and offers final-modifier quick fixes; misclassified fields could produce noisy issues or edits that fail compilation.

Adds rule S9438 to flag private instance fields that are assigned exactly once during initialization and could be declared final, with a quick fix that adds the modifier. Earlier false positives from delegating constructors, nested-class initializers, multi-variable declarations, and early returns were resolved, and Lombok @NoArgsConstructor classes are no longer reported as final candidates. No open findings remain.

✅ 14 closed

✅ Bug: Writes in delegating constructors are ignored, so the rule raises false positives

📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/checks/PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck.java:129-131 📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/checks/PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck.java:301-315
collectWrites records a direct assignment inside a constructor that starts with this(...) in assigningConstructors. makesFinalPossible then filters those constructors out of required and never looks at them again. Take A(String v) { this.x = v; } and A() { this("d"); this.x = "y"; }: every required constructor assigns x exactly once, so the issue is raised. With final added, x is assigned twice on the A() path and the code no longer compiles ("variable x might already have been assigned"). The fix is to reject the field when any delegating constructor assigns it.

✅ Bug: Initializer blocks of nested or anonymous classes count as the field's own

📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/checks/PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck.java:132-133 📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/checks/PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck.java:219-222
isDirectlyInInstanceInitializer only checks that the enclosing block has kind INITIALIZER. It never checks that the block belongs to the class declaring the field. Field usages include writes from nested, local and anonymous classes. So an instance initializer such as new Object() {{ outerField = 1; }}, or the initializer of an inner class, is counted as the one initializer-block write, and the field is reported. A final field cannot be assigned from another class's initializer, so applying the fix breaks compilation. The fix is to require block.parent() to be the ClassTree currently being visited.

✅ Bug: Quick fix makes every variable in a multi-variable declaration final

📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/checks/PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck.java:94-96
In JParser.processFieldDeclaration, every fragment of private int a, b; shares the same ModifiersTree and TypeTree. The quick fix inserts final before field.type(), so fixing a turns the declaration into private final int a, b;. If b is reassigned or never assigned, the quick fix leaves code that does not compile. Either skip the quick fix when the type is shared with another VariableTree, or split the declaration first.

✅ Edge Case: An early return in a constructor before the assignment is not detected

📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/checks/PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck.java:202-216
enclosingConstructor accepts any assignment written directly in the constructor body and does not check what runs before it. For A(int v) { if (v < 0) { return; } this.x = v; } the field counts as assigned exactly once and is reported. With final added, x is not definitely assigned on the return path, so the code fails to compile. The rule's description promises it only reports when final would compile. A fix is to disqualify the field when a constructor body contains a return statement (outside nested lambdas and classes) before the assignment.

✅ Edge Case: Lombok @NoArgsConstructor classes are reported, but final breaks compilation

📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/filters/LombokFilter.java:110-114 📄 java-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/java/filters/LombokFilter.java:140
The new Lombok exclusion only covers annotations that generate setters (@Setter, @Data, @Builder, @SuperBuilder). Take a class annotated with @NoArgsConstructor that also has A(String x) { this.x = x; }: it is reported, because the generated no-arg constructor is not in the AST. Lombok rejects @NoArgsConstructor when there are uninitialized final fields unless force = true, so applying the fix breaks the build. @RequiredArgsConstructor causes a similar problem, since making the field final changes the generated constructor and can clash with the hand-written one. The fix is to also exclude PrivateFieldShouldBeFinalCheck for classes with Lombok constructor-generating annotations, for example the existing GENERATE_CONSTRUCTOR list.

...and 9 more closed from earlier reviews

Verification Rules 1/1 met Knowledge 🔎 1 Repos 5 inspected · PRs 1 inspected

Functional validation No results

Rules 1 passed 2 not applicable

✅ Repository license compliance

Knowledge 🔎 1 informed a finding

🔎 Initializer blocks must belong to the declaring class informed a finding, won't fix -> Reads in nested/anonymous class initializers count as reads before init

Broader impact Repos 5 inspected PRs 1 inspected

Cross-repo 5 repositories inspected 0 open impacts

SonarSource/sonarlint-vscode Inspected
SonarSource/sonarlint-language-server Inspected
SonarSource/sonar-java-symbolic-execution Inspected
SonarSource/sonarlint-core Inspected
SonarSource/sonarqube Inspected

Cross-PR 1 PR inspected 0 open impacts

PR #6352: SONARJAVA-7170 Implement rule S9439 - Array initializers should use the shorthand form instead of an explicit "new" array creation Inspected

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sonarqube-next · 2026-10-16T13:12:20Z

Quality Gate passed