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DataViews: Add grid keyboard navigation #68225

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@ntsekouras ntsekouras commented Dec 22, 2024

What?

Resolves: #59188

This PR aims to add proper keyboard navigation in grid layout for DataViews.

Tasks

  • Polish some styles. For example the outline and how it plays with the preview field outline or when there is a selected item (also has outline).
  • get a11y feedback for anything missing like roles etc..

Testing Instructions

  1. Everything should work as before, regarding the number of columns for items (preview size). That entails when we loading the page (default columns) and resizing either we have selected a different preview size (from view options) or not. This is important as the default styles are always applied through JS now. This is needed because we have to split programmatically rows.
  2. Keyboard navigation should work properly by selecting different items and we can navigate inside each item by pressing tab.

Screenshots or screencast

Screen.Recording.2024-12-22.at.12.30.37.PM.mov

@ntsekouras ntsekouras added [Type] Enhancement A suggestion for improvement. [Focus] Accessibility (a11y) Changes that impact accessibility and need corresponding review (e.g. markup changes). Needs Design Feedback Needs general design feedback. [Feature] DataViews Work surrounding upgrading and evolving views in the site editor and beyond labels Dec 22, 2024
@ntsekouras ntsekouras self-assigned this Dec 22, 2024
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export function useHasAPossibleBulkAction< Item >(
item: Item
) {
return useMemo( () => {
return actions.some( ( action ) => {
return actions?.some( ( action ) => {
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This is not related to this PR.

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Does it make sense to move it out to another PR?

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@ntsekouras ntsekouras force-pushed the dataviews/grid-keyboard-navigation branch from f54b260 to 4453d8e Compare December 22, 2024 10:42
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github-actions bot commented Dec 22, 2024

Size Change: +146 B (+0.01%)

Total Size: 1.84 MB

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ℹ️ View Unchanged
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github-actions bot commented Dec 22, 2024

Flaky tests detected in ce8f5db.
Some tests passed with failed attempts. The failures may not be related to this commit but are still reported for visibility. See the documentation for more information.

🔍 Workflow run URL: https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/actions/runs/12480784310
📝 Reported issues:

@ntsekouras ntsekouras requested review from mirka, ciampo and tyxla December 23, 2024 15:12
@ntsekouras ntsekouras force-pushed the dataviews/grid-keyboard-navigation branch from 4453d8e to ce8f5db Compare December 24, 2024 10:58
@oandregal
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Hey, tested this one and this is what I see.

The tab stops are irregular: sometimes you stop at the item wrapper, and sometimes you don't. Additionally, I don't think we should have a stop at the item wrapper if it isn't interactive.

Screen.Recording.2024-12-24.at.14.22.05.mov

As for arrow key navigation, my understanding is that that arrow keys are bounded and should only move you through the direction (horizontal or vertical). Examples:

  • Right Arrow: Moves focus one cell to the right. If focus is on the right-most cell in the row, focus does not move.
  • Left Arrow: Moves focus one cell to the left. If focus is on the left-most cell in the row, focus does not move.
  • Down Arrow: Moves focus one cell down. If focus is on the bottom cell in the column, focus does not move.
  • Up Arrow: Moves focus one cell up. If focus is on the top cell in the column, focus does not move.
  • Home: moves focus to the first cell in the row that contains focus.
  • End: moves focus to the last cell in the row that contains focus.
Screen.Recording.2024-12-24.at.14.28.44.mov

@ntsekouras
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ntsekouras commented Dec 24, 2024

The tab stops are irregular: sometimes you stop at the item wrapper, and sometimes you don't.

Can you add some more steps to reproduce this? The composite item is always the wrapper and you should have the first grid item as an 'active' one, by pressing tab, while the focus was on view options. After that, you navigate with arrows between grid items and if you want to navigate inner interactive elements, you do that with tab.

Are you referring as irregular the pressing of tab multiple times inside a grid item that moves focus to the interactive elements of the next grid item at the end? If yes, I'm not sure if it's wrong and it would be good to get some more a11y feedback from folks with expertize in that domain.

As for arrow key navigation, my understanding is that that arrow keys are bounded and should only move you through the direction (horizontal or vertical). Examples:

These are just two flags in our Composite component (focusLoop and focusWrap) and we can remove them if we want. I don't think it's agains some a11y patterns though.

@oandregal
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oandregal commented Dec 26, 2024

Can you add some more steps to reproduce this?

Try just navigating with tabs, one direction and then another. What I mean by irregular is that the number of stops is not consistent, it changes depending on direction, for example:

  • when tabbing forward, note how the wrapper is only reached for the first item
  • when tabbing backward, the wrapper is reached for any item

(also, for clarity: I don't think we should stop at any wrapper that is not interactive)

Screen.Recording.2024-12-26.at.12.01.50.mov

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I'll leave an a11y review to @afercia / @ciampo / @mirka but there are a few things I've spotted - left inline comments.

Also, is this meant to be a replacement of #59279?

packages/dataviews/src/dataviews-layouts/grid/index.tsx Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export function useHasAPossibleBulkAction< Item >(
item: Item
) {
return useMemo( () => {
return actions.some( ( action ) => {
return actions?.some( ( action ) => {
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Does it make sense to move it out to another PR?

packages/dataviews/src/dataviews-layouts/grid/index.tsx Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved
Comment on lines +154 to +165
&[data-focus-visible] {
outline-color: var(--wp-admin-theme-color);
outline-width: var(--wp-admin-border-width-focus);
}

&:hover {
outline-color: rgba($black, 0.3);
outline-width: var(--wp-admin-border-width-focus);
}
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The outer hover / focus states seem a bit awkward in terms of border-to-content spacing, and border radius:

Screenshot 2024-12-30 at 20 02 28

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Yeah, I'd need some help with these styles from some designer probably..

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afercia commented Jan 2, 2025

Thanks for working on this ❤️
Keyboard navigation appears to work as expected.

However, to my understanding, the element that receives focus is the container of the element with role="gridcell":

Screenshot 2025-01-02 at 15 51 09

I'm not sure that's correct.
In the ARIA Authoring Practices examples, the element with role="gridcell" contains the focusable element.
While arrow keys navigation is handled programmatically anyways, the wrapping order may impact the way the gridcell are announced by screen readers. Same applies to the parent containers. Ideally, the sctructure should be:

  • role="grid"
    • role="row"
      • role="gridcell"

There shouldn't be other elements 'in between' the ones above.

A general note about the grid role: it isn't fully supported yet. We shouldn't consider this 'done' from an accessibility perspective just because it's technically compliant. There are at least two important things to keep into consideration:

  • Screen reader users need to know it's a grid, which hints to arrow key navigation, otherwise they wouldn't have a clue they can move between the gridcells with arrow keyw. However:
    • NVDA and VoiceOver are reported to not convey the name of the grid role. They announce the grid as a table, which doesn't give users any hint they can use arrow navigation. Screen readers provide their own mechanism to navigate tables so users may be confused by the grid being announced as a table. I was able to test that latest Safari+VoiceOver still announce it as a table. I couldn't test on Windows.
  • For Windows screen readers, one more important part is that the grid role should make the screen reader switch to 'interaction mode' otherwise the arrow key presses would not be passed to the browser. This seems to be supported with the exception of Narrator, but it should be tested on Windows.

It would be great to have this tested with screen readers on Windows, pinging @alexstine to check if he's willing to.

  • Go to the Site Editor > Templates
  • The templates should be presented in a grid by default. If not, switch the list of templates to the Grid layout by using the menu toggle button labeled Layout before the templates list.
  • NVDA may announce the grid as a table. Test the expected keyboard interaction.
  • JAWS should announce the grid properly. Test the expected keyboard interaction.

@alexstine
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@afercia Testing with the latest version of NVDA, the grid is indeed announced as a table but as you pointed out, the screen reader does not switch to focus mode when interacting with the grid. If this is needed for this role, it will likely have to be wrapped in an application role. I hate to even consider that but the hard truth is, NVDA does not support ARIA roles very well for mode switching. This is something Slack has had a ton of problems with so I know it's not just Gutenberg in this case.

Thanks.

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@afercia
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afercia commented Jan 3, 2025

Hm reading this specific NVDA issue nvaccess/nvda#13392 looks like at NVDA they still have to 'determine' whether or not NVDA should switch back to browse mode when landing on a nested interactive control within a gridcell. A littlre disappointing.

If this is needed for this role, it will likely have to be wrapped in an application role.

I'm not sure it's really needed as long as you're able to navigate the grid cells? @alexstine

For non-screen reader keyboard users the 'spatial' navigation with all the 4 arrow keys works, of course. The problem is for screen readers that don't automatically switch to focus/forms/interaction mode as expected for a grid role.

@ntsekouras ntsekouras force-pushed the dataviews/grid-keyboard-navigation branch from ce8f5db to 76d3ec4 Compare January 8, 2025 06:41
@ntsekouras
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Thank you all for the reviews!

Besides the suggested structure, that needs the removal of only one wrapper now:

role="grid" -> role="row" -> role="gridcell"

What else is missing from an a11y point of view. Did I misunderstood that we don't need to add a role=application and that the table announcement is something that is buggy in screen readers?

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afercia commented Jan 8, 2025

What else is missing from an a11y point of view. Did I misunderstood that we don't need to add a role=application and that the table announcement is something that is buggy in screen readers?

  • Yes, the table announcement is buggy in some screen readers. Not sure we can do anything about it.
  • Adding a role=application comes with its own caveats, I'd be very cautious. @alexstine what about adding a label or description to the element with role="grid"to inform users they have to make sure the screen reader is switched to forms/focus mode to take full advantage from the grid arrows navigation?

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[Feature] DataViews Work surrounding upgrading and evolving views in the site editor and beyond [Focus] Accessibility (a11y) Changes that impact accessibility and need corresponding review (e.g. markup changes). Needs Design Feedback Needs general design feedback. [Type] Enhancement A suggestion for improvement.
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[Data Views][Accessibility] Improvements to grid layout semantics/navigation
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