der-andrew microservices repository
- git clone [email protected]:otus-devops-2019-02/der-andrew_microservices.git
- cd der-andrew_microservices/
- mkdir .github
- wget http://bit.ly/otus-pr-template -O .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
- git commit -am 'add pull template .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md'
- git checkout -b docker-1
- wget https://bit.ly/otus-travis-yaml-2019-02 -O .travis.yml
- git commit -am 'Add PR template and travis checks'
- git push -u origin docker-1
- Go to slack channel DevOps team\andrey_zhalnin and say:
'/github subscribe Otus-DevOps-2019-02/<GITHUB_USER>_infra commits:all'
- After git push we'v got message in slack! All right!
- прошлый репозиторий мне так и не удалось подключить к трэвису. в этот раз, кроме строчки из ДЗ
travis encrypt "devops-team-otus:**********" --add notifications.slack.rooms --comя подключил строчку, предложенную самим трэвисомtravis encrypt "devops-team-otus:**********" --add notifications.slack --comи.... О чудо! Трэвис заговорил! Что явилось серебряной пулей сказать трудно.
- Install docker-machine
base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 &&
curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&
sudo install /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
- sudo bash. Т.к. докер не запускается без рута.
- docker run -it ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash
- docker ps -a --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.CreatedAt}}\t{{.Names}}"
- docker run -dt nginx:latest
- docker kill $(docker ps -q)
- docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
- Create project ID: docker-239319
- Launch gcloud init
- Create auth file (
$HOME/.config/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json) for docker-machine:gcloud auth application-default login
- export GOOGLE_PROJECT=docker-239319
- Create VMachine:
docker-machine create --driver google \
--google-machine-image https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/images/family/ubuntu-1604-lts \
--google-machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--google-zone europe-west1-b \
docker-host
- docker-machine ls NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS docker-host - google Running tcp://34.76.75.218:2376 v18.09.5
- eval $(docker-machine env docker-host)
- wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/express42/otus-snippets/master/hw-15/mongod.conf" -O mongod.conf
- wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/express42/otus-snippets/master/hw-15/start.sh" -O start.sh
- echo DATABASE_URL=127.0.0.1 > db_config
- wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/express42/otus-snippets/master/hw-15/Dockerfile" -O Dockerfile
- docker build -t reddit:latest .
- docker images -a
<none> <none> da6a496c8e4d 2 minutes ago 681MB
reddit latest f90fd636d015 2 minutes ago 681MB
<none> <none> dcdab4ee70c8 2 minutes ago 681MB
<none> <none> 93ca68a58045 2 minutes ago 640MB
<none> <none> b63b40c57dfb 2 minutes ago 640MB
<none> <none> bc763856f9f5 2 minutes ago 640MB
<none> <none> 5ec700475c03 2 minutes ago 640MB
<none> <none> 904dae1720de 2 minutes ago 640MB
<none> <none> f43551750187 3 minutes ago 637MB
<none> <none> 0b4af9bbc1f2 3 minutes ago 144MB
ubuntu 16.04 a3551444fc85 4 days ago 119MB
- docker run --name reddit -d --network=host reddit:latest
- docker-machine ls
docker-host * google Running tcp://34.76.75.218:2376 v18.09.5
- Create VPC rule for puma:
--allow tcp:9292 \
--target-tags=docker-machine \
--description="Allow PUMA connections" \
--direction=INGRESS
- Successful connect! http://34.76.75.218:9292/
- Login succeeded
- docker tag reddit:latest avzhalnin/otus-reddit:1.0
- docker push avzhalnin/otus-reddit:1.0
- docker run --name reddit -d -p 9292:9292 avzhalnin/otus-reddit:1.0
- It works!!! http://localhost:9292/
- docker inspect avzhalnin/otus-reddit:1.0 -f '{{.ContainerConfig.Cmd}}'
[/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/start.sh"]] - docker exec -it reddit bash
root@e33bf6868203:/# exit
- docker diff reddit
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
C /tmp
A /tmp/1111
A /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
C /var
C /var/lib
C /var/lib/mongodb
A /var/lib/mongodb/_tmp
A /var/lib/mongodb/journal
A /var/lib/mongodb/journal/j._0
A /var/lib/mongodb/journal/lsn
A /var/lib/mongodb/journal/prealloc.1
A /var/lib/mongodb/journal/prealloc.2
A /var/lib/mongodb/local.0
A /var/lib/mongodb/local.ns
A /var/lib/mongodb/mongod.lock
C /var/log
A /var/log/mongod.log
- Clean:
docker-machine rm docker-host
eval $(docker-machine env --unset)
- Create VMachine:
docker-machine create --driver google \
--google-machine-image https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/images/family/ubuntu-1604-lts \
--google-machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--google-zone europe-west1-b \
docker-host
- docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
docker-host - google Running tcp://35.240.103.79:2376 v18.09.6
- eval $(docker-machine env docker-host)
- Мы в корне репозитория: pwd
/home/andrew/work/OTUS-201902-git/der-andrew_microservices - Пересоздаём образы, т.к. всё почикали в прошлый раз)))
- cd docker-monolith
- docker build -t reddit:latest .
- docker run --name reddit -d --network=host reddit:latest
- Работает!!! http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- docker kill reddit
- docker rm reddit -v
- Продолжаем выполнение дз.
- wget 'https://github.com/express42/reddit/archive/microservices.zip'
- unzip microservices.zip
- rm -f microservices.zip
- mv reddit-microservices src
- cd src
- Create post-py/Dockerfile
FROM python:3.6.0-alpine
WORKDIR /app
ADD . /app
RUN apk add --no-cache build-base gcc
RUN pip install -r /app/requirements.txt
ENV POST_DATABASE_HOST post_db
ENV POST_DATABASE posts
ENTRYPOINT ["python3", "post_app.py"]
- Create comment/Dockerfile
FROM ruby:2.2
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential
ENV APP_HOME /app
RUN mkdir $APP_HOME
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
ADD Gemfile* $APP_HOME/
RUN bundle install
ADD . $APP_HOME
ENV COMMENT_DATABASE_HOST comment_db
ENV COMMENT_DATABASE comments
CMD ["puma"]
- Create ui/Dockerfile
FROM ruby:2.2
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential
ENV APP_HOME /app
RUN mkdir $APP_HOME
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
ADD Gemfile* $APP_HOME/
RUN bundle install
ADD . $APP_HOME
ENV POST_SERVICE_HOST post
ENV POST_SERVICE_PORT 5000
ENV COMMENT_SERVICE_HOST comment
ENV COMMENT_SERVICE_PORT 9292
CMD ["puma"]
- docker pull mongo:latest
- docker build -t avzhalnin/post:1.0 ./post-py
<...>
Successfully built b4d01c05fcd3
Successfully tagged avzhalnin/post:1.0
- docker build -t avzhalnin/comment:1.0 ./comment
ERROR!!!
Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie-updates/InRelease Unable to find expected entry 'main/binary-amd64/Packages' in Release file
- Cure:
git diff --color comment/Dockerfile
diff --git a/src/comment/Dockerfile b/src/comment/Dockerfile
index 332bb55..31cd4fb 100644
--- a/src/comment/Dockerfile
+++ b/src/comment/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
FROM ruby:2.2
+RUN printf "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ jessie main\n\
+deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian/ jessie main\n\
+deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main\n\
+deb-src http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential
ENV APP_HOME /app
- Same with ui:
git diff --color ui/Dockerfile
diff --git a/src/ui/Dockerfile b/src/ui/Dockerfile
index 3e02445..a5ea06d 100644
--- a/src/ui/Dockerfile
+++ b/src/ui/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
FROM ruby:2.2
+RUN printf "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ jessie main\n\
+deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian/ jessie main\n\
+deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main\n\
+deb-src http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential
ENV APP_HOME /app
- docker build -t avzhalnin/ui:1.0 ./ui
<...>
Successfully built 9c54ca0b4ffc
Successfully tagged avzhalnin/ui:1.0
- docker network create reddit
- Запускаем приложение:
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db mongo:latest
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post avzhalnin/post:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment avzhalnin/comment:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 avzhalnin/ui:1.0
- It works again!!! http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- Kill app:
docker kill $(docker ps -q) - Улучшаем ui:
FROM ubuntu:16.04
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y ruby-full ruby-dev build-essential \
&& gem install bundler --no-ri --no-rdoc
ENV APP_HOME /app
RUN mkdir $APP_HOME
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
ADD Gemfile* $APP_HOME/
RUN bundle install
ADD . $APP_HOME
ENV POST_SERVICE_HOST post
ENV POST_SERVICE_PORT 5000
ENV COMMENT_SERVICE_HOST comment
ENV COMMENT_SERVICE_PORT 9292
CMD ["puma"]
- Rebuild ui:
docker build -t avzhalnin/ui:2.0 ./ui
<...>
Successfully built ab1774f20a4a
Successfully tagged avzhalnin/ui:2.0
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
avzhalnin/ui 2.0 ab1774f20a4a 28 seconds ago 449MB
- Build ui from alpine and run app:
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db mongo:latest
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post avzhalnin/post:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment avzhalnin/comment:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 avzhalnin/ui:3.0
- App is going fine http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- Clean them all!!!
docker kill $(docker ps -q) && docker rm -v $(docker ps -aq) - Make multistage build ui and run app:
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db --name=post_db mongo:latest
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post --name=post avzhalnin/post:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment --name=comment avzhalnin/comment:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 --name=ui avzhalnin/ui:4.0
- It works!!! http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- Make multistage build comment and run app.
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db --name=post_db mongo:latest
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post --name=post avzhalnin/post:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment --name=comment avzhalnin/comment:2.0
docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 --name=ui avzhalnin/ui:4.0
- It works!!! http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- Make multistage build post-py and run app. docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db --name=post_db mongo:latest docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post --name=post avzhalnin/post:2.0 docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment --name=comment avzhalnin/comment:2.0 docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 --name=ui avzhalnin/ui:4.0
- It works!!! http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- docker volume create reddit_db
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db --name=post_db \
-v reddit_db:/data/db mongo:latest
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post --name=post avzhalnin/post:2.0
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment --name=comment avzhalnin/comment:2.0
docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 --name=ui avzhalnin/ui:4.0
- Посты на месте! http://35.240.103.79:9292/post/5cd5eefdcc58bc000ea1a234
- Run
docker run -ti --rm --network none joffotron/docker-net-tools -c ifconfig
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
- Run
docker run -ti --rm --network host joffotron/docker-net-tools -c ifconfig
br-88e21dad0e20 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:C9:2D:9B:49
inet addr:172.18.0.1 Bcast:172.18.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
docker0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:21:84:27:5C
inet addr:172.17.0.1 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
ens4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 42:01:0A:84:00:06
inet addr:10.132.0.6 Bcast:10.132.0.6 Mask:255.255.255.255
inet6 addr: fe80::4001:aff:fe84:6%32525/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1460 Metric:1
RX packets:2315 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1753 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:43266553 (41.2 MiB) TX bytes:183277 (178.9 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1%32525/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
- Run
docker-machine ssh docker-host ifconfig. Output is the same. - Run
docker run --network host -d nginx4 раза. Тольк первый контейнер запущен, т.к. порт занят для остальных. - Остановили всех
docker kill $(docker ps -q) - Run
docker-machine ssh docker-host sudo ln -s /var/run/docker/netns /var/run/netns. - Теперь можно просматривать существующие в данный момент net-namespaces с помощью команды:
docker-machine ssh docker-host sudo ip netns - Примечание: ip netns exec - позволит выполнять команды в выбранном namespace.
- Run
docker network create reddit --driver bridge - Запустили контейнеры с алиасами и всё заработало
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db mongo:latest
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=post avzhalnin/post:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit --network-alias=comment avzhalnin/comment:1.0
docker run -d --network=reddit -p 9292:9292 avzhalnin/ui:1.0
- Разделим сети front end и back end.
- Создадим сети:
docker network create back_net --subnet=10.0.2.0/24
docker network create front_net --subnet=10.0.1.0/24
- И запустим приложение.
docker run -d --network=front_net -p 9292:9292 --name ui avzhalnin/ui:1.0
docker run -d --network=back_net --name comment avzhalnin/comment:1.0
docker run -d --network=back_net --name post avzhalnin/post:1.0
docker run -d --network=back_net --name mongo_db --network-alias=post_db --network-alias=comment_db mongo:latest
- Не всё работает. Подключим контейнеры ко второй сети:
docker network connect front_net post
docker network connect front_net comment
- Теперь работает как надо.
- Install bridge-utils on docker-host:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install bridge-utils - List network:
docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
2055c4603b8f back_net bridge local
d1fb3aee3aad bridge bridge local
9efbe4af6de4 front_net bridge local
cac42989932c host host local
1d925b9ebf94 none null local
88e21dad0e20 reddit bridge local
- List bridge:
brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br-2055c4603b8f 8000.024297c185d8 no veth0c7081d
veth80eb4ef
veth9e2b985
br-88e21dad0e20 8000.0242106a9006 no
br-9efbe4af6de4 8000.02426bfe3c08 no veth5e51ba1
vetha9d4544
vethc64e84e
docker0 8000.0242ca46e495 no
- List iptables:
iptables -nvL -t nat
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 134 packets, 8290 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
12 4319 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 76 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 4 packets, 256 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 112 packets, 6736 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
24 1734 MASQUERADE all -- * !br-9efbe4af6de4 10.0.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE all -- * !br-88e21dad0e20 172.18.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE all -- * !br-2055c4603b8f 10.0.2.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 MASQUERADE tcp -- * * 10.0.1.2 10.0.1.2 tcp dpt:9292
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 RETURN all -- docker0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 RETURN all -- br-9efbe4af6de4 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 RETURN all -- br-88e21dad0e20 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 RETURN all -- br-2055c4603b8f * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DNAT tcp -- !br-9efbe4af6de4 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:9292 to:10.0.1.2:9292
- List proxy:
pgrep -a docker-proxy
4147 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 9292 -container-ip 10.0.1.2 -container-port 9292
- Make docker-compose.yml
version: '3.3'
services:
post_db:
image: mongo:3.2
volumes:
- post_db:/data/db
networks:
- reddit
ui:
build: ./ui
image: ${USERNAME}/ui:1.0
ports:
- 9292:9292/tcp
networks:
- reddit
post:
build: ./post-py
image: ${USERNAME}/post:1.0
networks:
- reddit
comment:
build: ./comment
image: ${USERNAME}/comment:1.0
networks:
- reddit
volumes:
post_db:
networks:
reddit:
- Kiil them all!
docker kill $(docker ps -q) && docker rm -v $(docker ps -aq) - Run app:
export USERNAME=avzhalnin
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose ps
- App work good. http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- Add .env file
- App work fine. http://35.240.103.79:9292/
- Базовое имя проекта можно задать двумя способами:
- Через переменную
COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME. - Используя ключ
-pdocker-compose.
- Указываем в каком проекте создавать машину и правила файрвола:
export GOOGLE_PROJECT=docker-239319
- Create VMachine:
docker-machine create --driver google \
--google-machine-image https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/images/family/ubuntu-1604-lts \
--google-disk-size 100 \
--google-machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--google-zone europe-west1-b \
--google-tags http-server,https-server \
gitlab-ci
- Create VPC firewall rules http,https:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create default-allow-http --direction=INGRESS --priority=1000 --network=default --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:80 --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 --target-tags=http-server
gcloud compute firewall-rules create default-allow-https --direction=INGRESS --priority=1000 --network=default --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:443 --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 --target-tags=https-server
- Настроим окружение для docker-machine:
eval $(docker-machine env gitlab-ci)
- Login to vmachine:
docker-machine ssh gitlab-ci
- Create tree and docker-compose.yml
sudo su
apt-get install -y docker-compose
mkdir -p /srv/gitlab/config /srv/gitlab/data /srv/gitlab/logs
cd /srv/gitlab/
cat << EOF > docker-compose.yml
web:
image: 'gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest'
restart: always
hostname: 'gitlab.example.com'
environment:
GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
external_url 'http://$(curl ifconfig.me)'
ports:
- '80:80'
- '443:443'
- '2222:22'
volumes:
- '/srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab'
- '/srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab'
- '/srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab'
EOF
- Login to vmachine:
docker-machine ssh gitlab-ci
- Run docker-compose.yml
docker-compose up -d
- Проверяем. http://34.76.136.75/
- Создали пароль пользователя, группу, проект.
- Добавили ремоут в микросервисы.
git remote add gitlab http://34.76.136.75/homework/example.git
git push gitlab gitlab-ci-1
- Add pipeline definition in .gitlab-ci.yml file.
- Получили токен для runner:
DgzD4iyAJZxf_YsVPWjy
- На сервере gitlab-ci запустить раннер, выполнив:
docker run -d --name gitlab-runner --restart always \
-v /srv/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest
- Register runner:
docker exec -it gitlab-runner gitlab-runner register --run-untagged --locked=false
Runtime platform arch=amd64 os=linux pid=30 revision=5a147c92 version=11.11.1
Running in system-mode.
Please enter the gitlab-ci coordinator URL (e.g. https://gitlab.com/):
http://34.76.136.75/
Please enter the gitlab-ci token for this runner:
DgzD4iyAJZxf_YsVPWjy
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[f829ea2fce49]: my-runner
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linux,xenial,ubuntu,docker
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Please enter the executor: docker-ssh, shell, docker-ssh+machine, docker+machine, kubernetes, docker, docker-windows, parallels, ssh, virtualbox:
docker
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alpine:latest
Runner registered successfully. Feel free to start it, but if it's running already the config should be automatically reloaded!
- Добавим исходный код reddit в репозиторий:
git clone https://github.com/express42/reddit.git && rm -rf ./reddit/.git
git add reddit/
git commit -m “Add reddit app”
git push gitlab gitlab-ci-1
- Добавили тест в пайплайн.
- Изменили пайплайн и добавили окружение.
- Создалось окружение dev.
http://34.76.136.75/homework/example/environments
- Изменили пайплайн и добавили окружение.
- Создались окружения stage and production.
- Условия и ограничения.
only:
- /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+/
- Без тэга пайплайн запустился без stage and prod.
- Добавляем тег:
git commit -a -m 'test: #4 add logout button to profile page'
git tag 2.4.10
git push gitlab gitlab-ci-1 --tags
- С тэгами запустился весь пайплайн.
- Добавили джоб и бранч bugfix
- Создали docker-compose.yml для Gilab.
web:
image: 'gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest'
restart: always
hostname: 'gitlab.example.com'
environment:
GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
external_url 'http://34.76.136.75'
ports:
- '80:80'
- '443:443'
- '2222:22'
volumes:
- '/srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab'
- '/srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab'
- '/srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab'
- Создадим правило фаервола для Prometheus и Puma:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create prometheus-default --allow tcp:9090
gcloud compute firewall-rules create puma-default --allow tcp:9292
- Создадим Docker хост в GCE и настроим локальное окружение на работу с ним
export GOOGLE_PROJECT=docker-239319
# create docker host
docker-machine create --driver google \
--google-machine-image https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/images/family/ubuntu-1604-lts \
--google-machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--google-zone europe-west1-b \
docker-host
# configure local env
eval $(docker-machine env docker-host)
- Запуск Prometheus
docker run --rm -p 9090:9090 -d --name prometheus prom/prometheus:v2.1.0
- Заходим в UI http://35.187.32.118:9090/graph
- Stop container!
docker stop prometheus
- Выполним:
cd home/andrew/work/OTUS-201902-git/der-andrew_microservices
mkdir docker
git mv docker-monolith docker
git mv src/docker-compose.yml docker
git mv src/.env.example docker
mv src/docker-compose.* docker
mv src/.env docker
mkdir monitoring
echo .env > docker/.gitignore
- Create Dockerfile
mkdir docker/prometheus
cat << EOF > docker/prometheus/Dockerfile
FROM prom/prometheus:v2.1.0
ADD prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/
EOF
- Create prometheus.yml
---
global:
scrape_interval: '5s'
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'prometheus'
static_configs:
- targets:
- 'localhost:9090'
- job_name: 'ui'
static_configs:
- targets:
- 'ui:9292'
- job_name: 'comment'
static_configs:
- targets:
- 'comment:9292'
- В директории prometheus собираем Docker образ:
export USER_NAME=avzhalnin
docker build -t $USER_NAME/prometheus .
- Build dockers
cd home/andrew/work/OTUS-201902-git/der-andrew_microservices
for i in ui post-py comment; do cd src/$i; bash docker_build.sh; cd -; done
- All work good. http://35.187.32.118:9292/ http://35.187.32.118:9090/graph
- Add new service node-exporter
- Add new target for prometheus: node-exporter
- Пушим образы в dockerhub:
docker login
for i in ui comment post prometheus; do echo $i; docker push avzhalnin/$i; done
- Ссылки: https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/ui https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/comment https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/post https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/prometheus
- Подготовка окуружения:
export GOOGLE_PROJECT=docker-239319
docker-machine create --driver google \
--google-machine-image https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/images/family/ubuntu-1604-lts \
--google-machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--google-zone europe-west1-b \
docker-host
eval $(docker-machine env docker-host)
docker-machine ip docker-host
- IP адрес нового хоста:
104.155.92.73. - Разделим docker compose файлы на приложение и мониторинг.
- Добавим cAdvisor в конфигурацию Prometheus.
- Пересоберем образ Prometheus с обновленной конфигурацией:
export USER_NAME=avzhalnin
cd monitoring/prometheus
docker build -t $USER_NAME/prometheus .
- Запустим сервисы:
cd docker
docker-compose up -d
docker-compose -f docker-compose-monitoring.yml up -d
- Создадим правила файрвола VPC:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create prometheus-default --allow tcp:9090
gcloud compute firewall-rules create puma-default --allow tcp:9292
gcloud compute firewall-rules create cadvisor-default --allow tcp:8080
- Приложение и мониторинго работают кака надо: Приложение http://104.155.92.73:9292/ Prometheus http://104.155.92.73:9090/graph cAdvisor http://104.155.92.73:8080/containers/ http://104.155.92.73:8080/metrics
- Добавим сервис Grafana для визуализации метрик Prometheus.
- Создадим правило файрвола VPC для Grafana:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create grafana-default --allow tcp:3000
- Grafana is works! http://104.155.92.73:3000/login
- Подключим дашборд:
mkdir -p monitoring/grafana/dashboards
wget 'https://grafana.com/api/dashboards/893/revisions/5/download' -O monitoring/grafana/dashboards/DockerMonitoring.json
- Добавим информацию о post-сервисе в конфигурацию Prometheus.
- Пересоберём Prometheus:
cd monitoring/prometheus
docker build -t $USER_NAME/prometheus .
- Пересоздадим нашу Docker инфраструктуру мониторинга:
docker-compose -f docker-compose-monitoring.yml down
docker-compose -f docker-compose-monitoring.yml up -d
- Добавили графики в дашборд с запросами:
rate(ui_request_count{http_status=~"^[45].*"}[1m])
rate(ui_request_count{http_status=~".*"}[1m])
- Добавили графики в дашборд с запросами:
histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(ui_request_response_time_bucket[5m])) by (le))
- Добавили графики в дашборд с запросами:
rate(comment_count[1h])
rate(post_count[1h])
- Configure alertmanager for prometheus:
mkdir monitoring/alertmanager
cat << EOF > monitoring/alertmanager/Dockerfile
FROM prom/alertmanager:v0.14.0
ADD config.yml /etc/alertmanager/
EOF
cat <<- EOF > monitoring/alertmanager/config.yml
global:
slack_api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/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'
route:
receiver: 'slack-notifications'
receivers:
- name: 'slack-notifications'
slack_configs:
- channel: '#andrey_zhalnin'
EOF
- Build alertmanager
USER_NAME=avzhalnin
docker build -t $USER_NAME/alertmanager .
- Добавим новый сервис в компоуз файл мониторинга.
- Создадим файл alerts.yml
cat <<- EOF > monitoring/prometheus/alerts.yml
groups:
- name: alert.rules
rules:
- alert: InstanceDown
expr: up == 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: page
annotations:
description: '{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minute'
summary: 'Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down'
EOF
- Даоавим в Dockerfile Prometheus-а
ADD alerts.yml /etc/prometheus/
- Добавим информацию о правилах, в конфиг Prometheus
prometheus.yml
rule_files:
- "alerts.yml"
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- scheme: http
static_configs:
- targets:
- "alertmanager:9093"
- ReBuild prometheus
USER_NAME=avzhalnin
docker build -t $USER_NAME/prometheus .
- Restart monitoring dockers:
docker-compose -f docker-compose-monitoring.yml down
docker-compose -f docker-compose-monitoring.yml up -d
- Создадим правила фаервола VPC:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create alertmanager-default --allow tcp:9093
- Можно зайти по ссылке: http://104.155.92.73:9093/#/alerts
- Пушим образы в GitHub:
docker push $USER_NAME/ui
docker push $USER_NAME/comment
docker push $USER_NAME/post
docker push $USER_NAME/prometheus
docker push $USER_NAME/alertmanager
- Links: https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/ui https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/comment https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/post https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/prometheus https://cloud.docker.com/u/avzhalnin/repository/docker/avzhalnin/alertmanager
- Клонироввали новые сорцы приложения:
mkdir _archive
git mv src _archive
git clone [email protected]:express42/reddit.git src
git checkout logging
rm -fdr src/.git
cp -ru --copy-contents _archive/src src; # only newer files!!!
- Добавили в /src/post-py/Dockerfile установку пакетов gcc и musl-dev
- Собираем все образы:
for i in ui post-py comment; do cd src/$i; bash docker_build.sh; cd -; done
- Создадим докер хост:
export GOOGLE_PROJECT=docker-239319
docker-machine create --driver google \
--google-machine-image https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/images/family/ubuntu-1604-lts \
--google-machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--google-open-port 5601/tcp \
--google-open-port 9292/tcp \
--google-open-port 9411/tcp \
logging
eval $(docker-machine env logging)
docker-machine ip logging; # 35.202.57.233
- Создадим отдельный compose-файл для нашей системы логирования в папке docker/
export USER_NAME=avzhalnin
cat <<- EOF > docker/docker-compose-logging.yml
version: '3'
services:
fluentd:
image: \${USER_NAME}/fluentd
ports:
- "24224:24224"
- "24224:24224/udp"
elasticsearch:
image: elasticsearch
expose:
- 9200
ports:
- "9200:9200"
kibana:
image: kibana
ports:
- "5601:5601"
EOF
docker-compose -f docker/docker-compose-logging.yml config
- Fluentd.
mkdir -p logging/fluentd
cat <<- EOF > logging/fluentd/Dockerfile
FROM fluent/fluentd:v0.12
RUN gem install fluent-plugin-elasticsearch --no-rdoc --no-ri --version 1.9.5
RUN gem install fluent-plugin-grok-parser --no-rdoc --no-ri --version 1.0.0
ADD fluent.conf /fluentd/etc
EOF
cat <<- EOF > logging/fluentd/fluent.conf
<source>
@type forward
port 24224
bind 0.0.0.0
</source>
<match *.**>
@type copy
<store>
@type elasticsearch
host elasticsearch
port 9200
logstash_format true
logstash_prefix fluentd
logstash_dateformat %Y%m%d
include_tag_key true
type_name access_log
tag_key @log_name
flush_interval 1s
</store>
<store>
@type stdout
</store>
</match>
EOF
- Build Fluentd.
(cd logging/fluentd && docker build -t $USER_NAME/fluentd .)
- Правим
.envфайл, меняем тэги наloggingи запускаем приложения.
cd docker
docker-compose up -d
- It works!!! http://35.202.57.233:9292/
- Добавили драйвер логирования fluentd в post.
logging:
driver: "fluentd"
options:
fluentd-address: localhost:24224
tag: service.post
- Перезапустим все сервисиы.
- Добавили фильтр в fluentd:
<filter service.post>
@type parser
format json
key_name log
</filter>
- Пересоберём и перезапустим.
(cd ../logging/fluentd && docker build -t $USER_NAME/fluentd .)
docker-compose -f docker-compose-logging.yml up -d
- Добавили драйвер логирования fluentd в post.
logging:
driver: "fluentd"
options:
fluentd-address: localhost:24224
tag: service.ui
- Перезапустим ui.
- Добавили regex фильтр.
<filter service.ui>
@type parser
format /\[(?<time>[^\]]*)\] (?<level>\S+) (?<user>\S+)[\W]*service=(?<service>\S+)[\W]*event=(?<event>\S+)[\W]*(?:path=(?<path>\S+)[\W]*)?request_id=(?<request_id>\S+)[\W]*(?:remote_addr=(?<remote_addr>\S+)[\W]*)?(?:method= (?<method>\S+)[\W]*)?(?:response_status=(?<response_status>\S+)[\W]*)?(?:message='(?<message>[^\']*)[\W]*)?/'
key_name log
</filter>
- Пересоберём и перезапустим.
(cd ../logging/fluentd && docker build -t $USER_NAME/fluentd .)
docker-compose -f docker-compose-logging.yml up -d
- Добавили ещё Гроку:
<filter service.ui>
@type parser
key_name log
format grok
grok_pattern %{RUBY_LOGGER}
</filter>
<filter service.ui>
@type parser
format grok
grok_pattern service=%{WORD:service} \| event=%{WORD:event} \| request_id=%{GREEDYDATA:request_id} \| message='%{GREEDYDATA:message}'
key_name message
reserve_data true
</filter>
- Пересоберём и перезапустим.
(cd ../logging/fluentd && docker build -t $USER_NAME/fluentd .)
docker-compose -f docker-compose-logging.yml up -d
- Добавили сервис zipkin и переменную для включения zipkin в приложениях:
environment:
- ZIPKIN_ENABLED=${ZIPKIN_ENABLED}
- Перестартуем весь балаган:
docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose-logging.yml down
docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose-logging.yml up -d
- Зашли в UI zipkin. http://35.202.57.233:9411/zipkin/
- Посмотрели спаны приложения.
- Создание манифестов.
mkdir -p kubernetes/reddit
cat <<- EOF > kubernetes/reddit/post-deployment.yml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: post-deployment
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: post
template:
metadata:
name: post
labels:
app: post
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/post
name: post
EOF
The Hard Way (https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way)
- Set a default compute region and zone.
gcloud config set compute/region us-west1
gcloud config set compute/zone us-west1-c
gcloud config list
- The cfssl and cfssljson command line utilities will be used to provision a PKI Infrastructure and generate TLS certificates.
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 \
https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64
sudo mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
sudo mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
cfssl version
- Install kubectl. The kubectl command line utility is used to interact with the Kubernetes API Server.
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x kubectl
sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
kubectl version --client
- Create the kubernetes-the-hard-way custom VPC network:
gcloud compute networks create kubernetes-the-hard-way --subnet-mode custom
- A subnet must be provisioned with an IP address range large enough to assign a private IP address to each node in the Kubernetes cluster. Create the kubernetes subnet in the kubernetes-the-hard-way VPC network:
gcloud compute networks subnets create kubernetes \
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--range 10.240.0.0/24
- Create a firewall rule that allows internal communication across all protocols:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal \
--allow tcp,udp,icmp \
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--source-ranges 10.240.0.0/24,10.200.0.0/16
gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external \
--allow tcp:22,tcp:6443,icmp \
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--source-ranges 0.0.0.0/0
gcloud compute firewall-rules list --filter="network:kubernetes-the-hard-way"
- Kubernetes Public IP Address. Allocate a static IP address that will be attached to the external load balancer fronting the Kubernetes API Servers:
gcloud compute addresses create kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region)
gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name=('kubernetes-the-hard-way')"
- Kubernetes Controllers. Create three compute instances which will host the Kubernetes control plane:
for i in 0 1 2; do
gcloud compute instances create controller-${i} \
--async \
--boot-disk-size 200GB \
--can-ip-forward \
--image-family ubuntu-1804-lts \
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud \
--machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--private-network-ip 10.240.0.1${i} \
--scopes compute-rw,storage-ro,service-management,service-control,logging-write,monitoring \
--subnet kubernetes \
--tags kubernetes-the-hard-way,controller
done
- Create three compute instances which will host the Kubernetes worker nodes:
for i in 0 1 2; do
gcloud compute instances create worker-${i} \
--async \
--boot-disk-size 200GB \
--can-ip-forward \
--image-family ubuntu-1804-lts \
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud \
--machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--metadata pod-cidr=10.200.${i}.0/24 \
--private-network-ip 10.240.0.2${i} \
--scopes compute-rw,storage-ro,service-management,service-control,logging-write,monitoring \
--subnet kubernetes \
--tags kubernetes-the-hard-way,worker
done
- List the compute instances in your default compute zone:
gcloud compute instances list
- Configuring SSH Access.
gcloud compute ssh controller-0
- Certificate Authority. Generate the CA configuration file, certificate, and private key:
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "8760h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": ["signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth"],
"expiry": "8760h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "Kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "Kubernetes",
"OU": "CA",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
- Client and Server Certificates. In this section you will generate client and server certificates for each Kubernetes component and a client certificate for the Kubernetes admin user.
- Generate the admin client certificate and private key:
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
- The Kubelet Client Certificates. Generate a certificate and private key for each Kubernetes worker node:
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
cat > ${instance}-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:node:${instance}",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "system:nodes",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
EXTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')
INTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)')
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-hostname=${instance},${EXTERNAL_IP},${INTERNAL_IP} \
-profile=kubernetes \
${instance}-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ${instance}
done
- The Controller Manager Client Certificate. Generate the kube-controller-manager client certificate and private key:
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
- Generate the kube-proxy client certificate and private key:
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "system:node-proxier",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
- Generate the kube-scheduler client certificate and private key:
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
- The Kubernetes API Server Certificate. The kubernetes-the-hard-way static IP address will be included in the list of subject alternative names for the Kubernetes API Server certificate. This will ensure the certificate can be validated by remote clients. Generate the Kubernetes API Server certificate and private key:
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(address)')
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "Kubernetes",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-hostname=10.32.0.1,10.240.0.10,10.240.0.11,10.240.0.12,${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS},127.0.0.1,kubernetes.default \
-profile=kubernetes \
kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
- The Service Account Key Pair. The Kubernetes Controller Manager leverages a key pair to generate and sign service account tokens as describe in the managing service accounts documentation. Generate the service-account certificate and private key:
cat > service-account-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "service-accounts",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "US",
"L": "Portland",
"O": "Kubernetes",
"OU": "Kubernetes The Hard Way",
"ST": "Oregon"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
service-account-csr.json | cfssljson -bare service-account
- Distribute the Client and Server Certificates. Copy the appropriate certificates and private keys to each worker instance:
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
gcloud compute scp ca.pem ${instance}-key.pem ${instance}.pem ${instance}:~/
done
- Copy the appropriate certificates and private keys to each controller instance:
for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
gcloud compute scp ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem \
service-account-key.pem service-account.pem ${instance}:~/
done
- Kubernetes Public IP Address. Each kubeconfig requires a Kubernetes API Server to connect to. To support high availability the IP address assigned to the external load balancer fronting the Kubernetes API Servers will be used. Retrieve the kubernetes-the-hard-way static IP address:
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(address)')
- Generate a kubeconfig file for each worker node:
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443 \
--kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:node:${instance} \
--client-certificate=${instance}.pem \
--client-key=${instance}-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--user=system:node:${instance} \
--kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
done
- The kube-proxy Kubernetes Configuration File. Generate a kubeconfig file for the kube-proxy service:
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--user=system:kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
- The kube-controller-manager Kubernetes Configuration File. Generate a kubeconfig file for the kube-controller-manager service:
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://127.0.0.1:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
- The kube-scheduler Kubernetes Configuration File. Generate a kubeconfig file for the kube-scheduler service:
{
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://127.0.0.1:6443 \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
}
- The admin Kubernetes Configuration File. Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin user:
{
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://127.0.0.1:6443 \
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
--client-key=admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--user=admin \
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
}
- Distribute the Kubernetes Configuration Files. Copy the appropriate kubelet and kube-proxy kubeconfig files to each worker instance:
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
gcloud compute scp ${instance}.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig ${instance}:~/
done
- Copy the appropriate kube-controller-manager and kube-scheduler kubeconfig files to each controller instance:
for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
gcloud compute scp admin.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.kubeconfig ${instance}:~/
done
- Kubernetes stores a variety of data including cluster state, application configurations, and secrets. Kubernetes supports the ability to encrypt cluster data at rest.
- The Encryption Key. Generate an encryption key:
ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
- The Encryption Config File. Create the encryption-config.yaml encryption config file:
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
- identity: {}
EOF
- Copy the encryption-config.yaml encryption config file to each controller instance:
for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
gcloud compute scp encryption-config.yaml ${instance}:~/
done
- Kubernetes components are stateless and store cluster state in etcd. In this lab you will bootstrap a three node etcd cluster and configure it for high availability and secure remote access.
- The commands in this lab must be run on each controller instance: controller-0, controller-1, and controller-2. Login to each controller instance using the gcloud command. Example:
gcloud compute ssh controller-0
gcloud compute ssh controller-1
gcloud compute ssh controller-2
- Download and Install the etcd Binaries. Download the official etcd release binaries from the coreos/etcd GitHub project:
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
"https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.9/etcd-v3.3.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
- Extract and install the etcd server and the etcdctl command line utility:
{
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv etcd-v3.3.9-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
}
- Configure the etcd Server.
{
sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd /var/lib/etcd
sudo cp ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/etcd/
}
- The instance internal IP address will be used to serve client requests and communicate with etcd cluster peers. Retrieve the internal IP address for the current compute instance:
INTERNAL_IP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)
- Each etcd member must have a unique name within an etcd cluster. Set the etcd name to match the hostname of the current compute instance:
ETCD_NAME=$(hostname -s)
- Create the etcd.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=etcd
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
--name ${ETCD_NAME} \\
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \\
--key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \\
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \\
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \\
--peer-client-cert-auth \\
--client-cert-auth \\
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2380 \\
--listen-peer-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2380 \\
--listen-client-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
--advertise-client-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2379 \\
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \\
--initial-cluster controller-0=https://10.240.0.10:2380,controller-1=https://10.240.0.11:2380,controller-2=https://10.240.0.12:2380 \\
--initial-cluster-state new \\
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Start the etcd Server. Remember to run the above commands on each controller node: controller-0, controller-1, and controller-2!!!
{
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable etcd
sudo systemctl start etcd
}
- Verification. List the etcd cluster members:
sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl member list \
--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem
- In this lab you will bootstrap the Kubernetes control plane across three compute instances and configure it for high availability. You will also create an external load balancer that exposes the Kubernetes API Servers to remote clients. The following components will be installed on each node: Kubernetes API Server, Scheduler, and Controller Manager.
- Running commands in parallel with tmux. Remember to run the above commands on each controller node: controller-0, controller-1, and controller-2.!!!
- Create the Kubernetes configuration directory:
sudo mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/config
- Download and Install the Kubernetes Controller Binaries. Download the official Kubernetes release binaries:
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
- Install the Kubernetes binaries:
{
chmod +x kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl
sudo mv kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
}
- Configure the Kubernetes API Server
{
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/kubernetes/
sudo mv ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem \
service-account-key.pem service-account.pem \
encryption-config.yaml /var/lib/kubernetes/
}
- The instance internal IP address will be used to advertise the API Server to members of the cluster. Retrieve the internal IP address for the current compute instance:
INTERNAL_IP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)
- Create the kube-apiserver.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--advertise-address=${INTERNAL_IP} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--apiserver-count=3 \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/var/log/audit.log \\
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--client-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--enable-admission-plugins=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \\
--enable-swagger-ui=true \\
--etcd-cafile=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--etcd-servers=https://10.240.0.10:2379,https://10.240.0.11:2379,https://10.240.0.12:2379 \\
--event-ttl=1h \\
--experimental-encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
--kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--runtime-config=api/all \\
--service-account-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/service-account.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--tls-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Configure the Kubernetes Controller Manager. Move the kube-controller-manager kubeconfig into place:
sudo mv kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/
- Create the kube-controller-manager.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--address=0.0.0.0 \\
--cluster-cidr=10.200.0.0/16 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \\
--kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--root-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/service-account-key.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
--use-service-account-credentials=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Configure the Kubernetes Scheduler. Move the kube-scheduler kubeconfig into place:
sudo mv kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/
- Create the kube-scheduler.yaml configuration file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/kubernetes/config/kube-scheduler.yaml
apiVersion: componentconfig/v1alpha1
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: "/var/lib/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
leaderElection:
leaderElect: true
EOF
- Create the kube-scheduler.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/config/kube-scheduler.yaml \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Start the Controller Services
{
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
sudo systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
}
- Allow up to 10 seconds for the Kubernetes API Server to fully initialize.
- Enable HTTP Health Checks. A Google Network Load Balancer will be used to distribute traffic across the three API servers and allow each API server to terminate TLS connections and validate client certificates. The network load balancer only supports HTTP health checks which means the HTTPS endpoint exposed by the API server cannot be used. As a workaround the nginx webserver can be used to proxy HTTP health checks. In this section nginx will be installed and configured to accept HTTP health checks on port 80 and proxy the connections to the API server on https://127.0.0.1:6443/healthz.
- The /healthz API server endpoint does not require authentication by default.
- Install a basic web server to handle HTTP health checks:
sudo apt-get install -y nginx
cat > kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local <<EOF
server {
listen 80;
server_name kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local;
location /healthz {
proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:6443/healthz;
proxy_ssl_trusted_certificate /var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem;
}
}
EOF
{
sudo mv kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
/etc/nginx/sites-available/kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
}
sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
- Verification
kubectl get componentstatuses --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig
- Test the nginx HTTP health check proxy:
curl -H "Host: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" -i http://127.0.0.1/healthz
- RBAC for Kubelet Authorization
- In this section you will configure RBAC permissions to allow the Kubernetes API Server to access the Kubelet API on each worker node. Access to the Kubelet API is required for retrieving metrics, logs, and executing commands in pods.
- This tutorial sets the Kubelet --authorization-mode flag to Webhook. Webhook mode uses the SubjectAccessReview API to determine authorization.
- Create the system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet ClusterRole with permissions to access the Kubelet API and perform most common tasks associated with managing pods:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
verbs:
- "*"
EOF
- The Kubernetes API Server authenticates to the Kubelet as the kubernetes user using the client certificate as defined by the --kubelet-client-certificate flag.
- Bind the system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet ClusterRole to the kubernetes user:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
- The Kubernetes Frontend Load Balancer
- In this section you will provision an external load balancer to front the Kubernetes API Servers. The kubernetes-the-hard-way static IP address will be attached to the resulting load balancer.
!!!!!!!!!!!!
The compute instances created in this tutorial will not have permission to complete this section. Run the following commands from the same machine used to create the compute instances.
- Provision a Network Load Balancer
- Create the external load balancer network resources:
{
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(address)')
gcloud compute http-health-checks create kubernetes \
--description "Kubernetes Health Check" \
--host "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
--request-path "/healthz"
gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-health-check \
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--source-ranges 209.85.152.0/22,209.85.204.0/22,35.191.0.0/16 \
--allow tcp
gcloud compute target-pools create kubernetes-target-pool \
--http-health-check kubernetes
gcloud compute target-pools add-instances kubernetes-target-pool \
--instances controller-0,controller-1,controller-2
gcloud compute forwarding-rules create kubernetes-forwarding-rule \
--address ${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS} \
--ports 6443 \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--target-pool kubernetes-target-pool
}
- Verification. Retrieve the kubernetes-the-hard-way static IP address:
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(address)')
- Make a HTTP request for the Kubernetes version info:
curl --cacert ca.pem https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443/version
- In this lab you will bootstrap three Kubernetes worker nodes. The following components will be installed on each node: runc, gVisor, container networking plugins, containerd, kubelet, and kube-proxy.
- Prerequisites. The commands in this lab must be run on each worker instance: worker-0, worker-1, and worker-2. Login to each worker instance using the gcloud command.
- Running commands in parallel with tmux
- Provisioning a Kubernetes Worker Node
- Install the OS dependencies:
{
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install socat conntrack ipset
}
- The socat binary enables support for the kubectl port-forward command. Download and Install Worker Binaries
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.12.0/crictl-v1.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/runsc-50c283b9f56bb7200938d9e207355f05f79f0d17 \
https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.0.0-rc5/runc.amd64 \
https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.6.0/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz \
https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.2.0-rc.0/containerd-1.2.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-proxy \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.12.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet
- Create the installation directories:
sudo mkdir -p \
/etc/cni/net.d \
/opt/cni/bin \
/var/lib/kubelet \
/var/lib/kube-proxy \
/var/lib/kubernetes \
/var/run/kubernetes
- Install the worker binaries:
{
sudo mv runsc-50c283b9f56bb7200938d9e207355f05f79f0d17 runsc
sudo mv runc.amd64 runc
chmod +x kubectl kube-proxy kubelet runc runsc
sudo mv kubectl kube-proxy kubelet runc runsc /usr/local/bin/
sudo tar -xvf crictl-v1.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/
sudo tar -xvf cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
sudo tar -xvf containerd-1.2.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /
}
- Configure CNI Networking. Retrieve the Pod CIDR range for the current compute instance:
POD_CIDR=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/pod-cidr)
- Create the bridge network configuration file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/10-bridge.conf
{
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"name": "bridge",
"type": "bridge",
"bridge": "cnio0",
"isGateway": true,
"ipMasq": true,
"ipam": {
"type": "host-local",
"ranges": [
[{"subnet": "${POD_CIDR}"}]
],
"routes": [{"dst": "0.0.0.0/0"}]
}
}
EOF
- Create the loopback network configuration file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/99-loopback.conf
{
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"type": "loopback"
}
EOF
- Configure containerd. Create the containerd configuration file:
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd/
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins]
[plugins.cri.containerd]
snapshotter = "overlayfs"
[plugins.cri.containerd.default_runtime]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
runtime_engine = "/usr/local/bin/runc"
runtime_root = ""
[plugins.cri.containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
runtime_engine = "/usr/local/bin/runsc"
runtime_root = "/run/containerd/runsc"
[plugins.cri.containerd.gvisor]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
runtime_engine = "/usr/local/bin/runsc"
runtime_root = "/run/containerd/runsc"
EOF
- Untrusted workloads will be run using the gVisor (runsc) runtime.
- Create the containerd.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/bin/containerd
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Configure the Kubelet
{
sudo mv ${HOSTNAME}-key.pem ${HOSTNAME}.pem /var/lib/kubelet/
sudo mv ${HOSTNAME}.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig
sudo mv ca.pem /var/lib/kubernetes/
}
- Create the kubelet-config.yaml configuration file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /var/lib/kubelet/kubelet-config.yaml
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: "/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem"
authorization:
mode: Webhook
clusterDomain: "cluster.local"
clusterDNS:
- "10.32.0.10"
podCIDR: "${POD_CIDR}"
resolvConf: "/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf"
runtimeRequestTimeout: "15m"
tlsCertFile: "/var/lib/kubelet/${HOSTNAME}.pem"
tlsPrivateKeyFile: "/var/lib/kubelet/${HOSTNAME}-key.pem"
EOF
- The resolvConf configuration is used to avoid loops when using CoreDNS for service discovery on systems running systemd-resolved.
- Create the kubelet.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=containerd.service
Requires=containerd.service
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \\
--config=/var/lib/kubelet/kubelet-config.yaml \\
--container-runtime=remote \\
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \\
--image-pull-progress-deadline=2m \\
--kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--register-node=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Configure the Kubernetes Proxy
sudo mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig
- Create the kube-proxy-config.yaml configuration file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /var/lib/kube-proxy/kube-proxy-config.yaml
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: "/var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig"
mode: "iptables"
clusterCIDR: "10.200.0.0/16"
EOF
- Create the kube-proxy.service systemd unit file:
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \\
--config=/var/lib/kube-proxy/kube-proxy-config.yaml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- Start the Worker Services
{
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable containerd kubelet kube-proxy
sudo systemctl start containerd kubelet kube-proxy
}
- Remember to run the above commands on each worker node: worker-0, worker-1, and worker-2.
- Verification.
!!!!!!!
The compute instances created in this tutorial will not have permission to complete this section. Run the following commands from the same machine used to create the compute instances.
- List the registered Kubernetes nodes:
gcloud compute ssh controller-0 \
--command "kubectl get nodes --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig"
- In this lab you will generate a kubeconfig file for the kubectl command line utility based on the admin user credentials.
- Run the commands in this lab from the same directory used to generate the admin client certificates.
- Generate a kubeconfig file suitable for authenticating as the admin user:
{
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(address)')
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
--client-key=admin-key.pem
kubectl config set-context kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--user=admin
kubectl config use-context kubernetes-the-hard-way
}
- Check the health of the remote Kubernetes cluster:
kubectl get componentstatuses
- Pods scheduled to a node receive an IP address from the node's Pod CIDR range. At this point pods can not communicate with other pods running on different nodes due to missing network routes.
- In this lab you will create a route for each worker node that maps the node's Pod CIDR range to the node's internal IP address.
- There are other ways to implement the Kubernetes networking model.
- Print the internal IP address and Pod CIDR range for each worker instance:
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
--format 'value[separator=" "](networkInterfaces[0].networkIP,metadata.items[0].value)'
done
- Create network routes for each worker instance:
for i in 0 1 2; do
gcloud compute routes create kubernetes-route-10-200-${i}-0-24 \
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--next-hop-address 10.240.0.2${i} \
--destination-range 10.200.${i}.0/24
done
- List the routes in the kubernetes-the-hard-way VPC network:
gcloud compute routes list --filter "network: kubernetes-the-hard-way"
- In this lab you will deploy the DNS add-on which provides DNS based service discovery, backed by CoreDNS, to applications running inside the Kubernetes cluster.
- The DNS Cluster Add-on
- Deploy the coredns cluster add-on:
kubectl apply -f https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/coredns.yaml
- List the pods created by the kube-dns deployment:
kubectl get pods -l k8s-app=kube-dns -n kube-system
- Verification
- Create a busybox deployment:
kubectl run busybox --image=busybox:1.28 --command -- sleep 3600
- List the pod created by the busybox deployment:
kubectl get pods -l run=busybox
- Retrieve the full name of the busybox pod:
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l run=busybox -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
- Execute a DNS lookup for the kubernetes service inside the busybox pod:
kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- nslookup kubernetes
- In this lab you will complete a series of tasks to ensure your Kubernetes cluster is functioning correctly.
- Data Encryption. In this section you will verify the ability to encrypt secret data at rest.
- Create a generic secret:
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--from-literal="mykey=mydata"
- Print a hexdump of the kubernetes-the-hard-way secret stored in etcd. The etcd key should be prefixed with k8s:enc:aescbc:v1:key1, which indicates the aescbc provider was used to encrypt the data with the key1 encryption key.
gcloud compute ssh controller-0 \
--command "sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get \
--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--key=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem\
/registry/secrets/default/kubernetes-the-hard-way | hexdump -C"
- Deployments. In this section you will verify the ability to create and manage Deployments.
- Create a deployment for the nginx web server:
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
- List the pod created by the nginx deployment:
kubectl get pods -l run=nginx
- Port Forwarding. In this section you will verify the ability to access applications remotely using port forwarding.
- Retrieve the full name of the nginx pod:
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l run=nginx -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
- Forward port 8080 on your local machine to port 80 of the nginx pod:
kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
- In a new terminal make an HTTP request using the forwarding address:
curl --head http://127.0.0.1:8080
- Logs. In this section you will verify the ability to retrieve container logs.
- Print the nginx pod logs:
kubectl logs $POD_NAME
- Services. In this section you will verify the ability to expose applications using a Service.
- Expose the nginx deployment using a NodePort service:
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
!!!!!!
The LoadBalancer service type can not be used because your cluster is not configured with cloud provider integration. Setting up cloud provider integration is out of scope for this tutorial.
- Retrieve the node port assigned to the nginx service:
NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get svc nginx \
--output=jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[0]}{.nodePort}')
- Create a firewall rule that allows remote access to the nginx node port:
gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-nginx-service \
--allow=tcp:${NODE_PORT} \
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way
- Retrieve the external IP address of a worker instance:
EXTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe worker-0 \
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')
- Make an HTTP request using the external IP address and the nginx node port:
curl -I http://${EXTERNAL_IP}:${NODE_PORT}
- Untrusted Workloads. This section will verify the ability to run untrusted workloads using gVisor.
- Create the untrusted pod:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: untrusted
annotations:
io.kubernetes.cri.untrusted-workload: "true"
spec:
containers:
- name: webserver
image: gcr.io/hightowerlabs/helloworld:2.0.0
EOF
- Verification. In this section you will verify the untrusted pod is running under gVisor (runsc) by inspecting the assigned worker node.
- Verify the untrusted pod is running:
kubectl get pods -o wide
- Get the node name where the untrusted pod is running:
INSTANCE_NAME=$(kubectl get pod untrusted --output=jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}')
- SSH into the worker node:
gcloud compute ssh ${INSTANCE_NAME}
- List the containers running under gVisor:
sudo runsc --root /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io list
- Get the ID of the untrusted pod:
POD_ID=$(sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \
pods --name untrusted -q)
- Get the ID of the webserver container running in the untrusted pod:
CONTAINER_ID=$(sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \
ps -p ${POD_ID} -q)
- Use the gVisor runsc command to display the processes running inside the webserver container:
sudo runsc --root /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io ps ${CONTAINER_ID}
Проверить, что kubectl apply -f проходит по созданным до этого deployment-ам (ui, post, mongo, comment)
for pod in comment mongo post ui; do \
kubectl apply -f ../reddit/$pod-deployment.yml
done;
- ... и поды запускаются
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox-bd8fb7cbd-x5pjh 1/1 Running 0 38m
comment-deployment-df84f5596-grs26 1/1 Running 0 12m
mongo-deployment-6895dffdf4-b7ls6 1/1 Running 0 26s
nginx-dbddb74b8-5wft6 1/1 Running 0 30m
post-deployment-b668dc698-s6z29 1/1 Running 0 12m
ui-deployment-695c9bdb8b-m69z8 1/1 Running 0 12m
untrusted 1/1 Running 0 20m
- Compute Instances. Delete the controller and worker compute instances:
gcloud -q compute instances delete \
controller-0 controller-1 controller-2 \
worker-0 worker-1 worker-2
- Networking. Delete the external load balancer network resources:
{
gcloud -q compute forwarding-rules delete kubernetes-forwarding-rule \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region)
gcloud -q compute target-pools delete kubernetes-target-pool
gcloud -q compute http-health-checks delete kubernetes
gcloud -q compute addresses delete kubernetes-the-hard-way
}
- Delete the kubernetes-the-hard-way firewall rules:
gcloud -q compute firewall-rules delete \
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-nginx-service \
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal \
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external \
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-health-check
- Delete the kubernetes-the-hard-way network VPC:
{
gcloud -q compute routes delete \
kubernetes-route-10-200-0-0-24 \
kubernetes-route-10-200-1-0-24 \
kubernetes-route-10-200-2-0-24
gcloud -q compute networks subnets delete kubernetes
gcloud -q compute networks delete kubernetes-the-hard-way
}
- Install Minikube via direct download:
curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 \
&& chmod +x minikube
sudo install minikube /usr/local/bin
- Запустим наш Minukube-кластер.
minikube start
- Проверяем командой
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
minikube Ready master 105s v1.15.0
- Обновили kubectrl.
curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin
- Обновили ui-deployment.yml:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: ui
template:
metadata:
name: ui-pod
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/ui
name: ui
- Запустим в Minikube ui-компоненту.
kubectl apply -f ui-deployment.yml
- Ждём пару минут и проверяем командой
kubectl get deployment. Должны быть3-ки
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
ui 3/3 3 3 98s
- Найдем, используя selector, POD-ы приложения и пробросим порт.
kubectl get pods --selector component=ui
kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 ui-797f94946b-5qtt6 8080:9292
- Проверим работу: http://10.0.113.200:8080/
- Обновили comment-deployment.yml:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: comment
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: comment
template:
metadata:
name: comment
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/comment
name: comment
- Запустим в Minikube компоненту.
kubectl apply -f comment-deployment.yml
- Пробросили порты и проверили. http://10.0.113.200:8080/healthcheck
- Обновили post-deployment.yml:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: post-deployment
labels:
app: post
component: post
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: post
component: post
template:
metadata:
name: post
labels:
app: post
component: post
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/post
name: post
- Запустим в Minikube компоненту.
kubectl apply -f post-deployment.yml
- Пробросили порты и проверили.
nc -v 10.0.113.200 5000
Connection to 10.0.113.200 5000 port [tcp/*] succeeded!
- Обновили mongo-deployment.yml:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
template:
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
spec:
containers:
- image: mongo:3.2
name: mongo
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
mountPath: /data/db
volumes:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
emptyDir: {}
- Запустим в Minikube компоненту.
kubectl apply -f mongo-deployment.yml
- Создали сервис comment-service.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: comment
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
spec:
ports:
- port: 9292
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9292
selector:
app: reddit
component: comment
- Запустим в Minikube компоненту.
kubectl apply -f comment-service.yml
- Проверили
kubectl describe service comment | grep Endpoints
Endpoints: 172.17.0.7:9292,172.17.0.8:9292,172.17.0.9:9292
- Проверили
kubectl exec -it post-76474fb7db-5scm4 nslookup comment
Name: comment
Address 1: 10.109.118.77 comment.default.svc.cluster.local
- Создали сервис post-service.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: post
labels:
app: post
component: post
spec:
ports:
- port: 5000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 5000
selector:
app: post
component: post
- Запустим в Minikube компоненту.
kubectl apply -f post-service.yml
- Проверили
kubectl exec -it ui-797f94946b-5qtt6 nslookup post
Name: post.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.103.200.32
- Создали сервис mongodb-service.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mongodb
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
spec:
ports:
- port: 27017
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 27017
selector:
app: reddit
component: mongo
- Запустим в Minikube компоненту.
kubectl apply -f mongodb-service.yml
- Проверили все сервисы
kubectl get services --show-labels
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE LABELS
comment ClusterIP 10.109.118.77 <none> 9292/TCP 50m app=reddit,component=comment
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3h55m component=apiserver,provider=kubernetes
mongodb ClusterIP 10.109.100.136 <none> 27017/TCP 54s app=reddit,component=mongo
post ClusterIP 10.103.200.32 <none> 5000/TCP 5m31s app=post,component=post
- Пробрасываем порт
kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 ui-797f94946b-54stz 9292:9292 - Проверяем http://10.0.113.200:9292/
- В логах приложение ищет совсем другой адрес: comment_db, а не mongodb. Аналогично и сервис comment ищет post_db. Эти адреса заданы в их Dockerfile-ах в виде переменных окружения.
- В Docker Swarm проблема доступа к одному ресурсу под разными именами решалась с помощью сетевых алиасов. В Kubernetes такого функционала нет. Мы эту проблему можем решить с помощью тех же Service-ов.
- Сделаем Service для БД comment-mongodb-service.yml:
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: comment-db
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
comment-db: "true"
spec:
ports:
- port: 27017
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 27017
selector:
app: reddit
component: mongo
comment-db: "true"
- Так же придется обновить файл deployment для mongodb, чтобы новый Service смог найти нужный POD.
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
comment-db: "true"
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
template:
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
comment-db: "true"
spec:
containers:
- image: mongo:3.2
name: mongo
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
mountPath: /data/db
volumes:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
emptyDir: {}
- Зададим pod-ам comment переменную окружения для обращения к базе:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: comment
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: comment
template:
metadata:
name: comment
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/comment
name: comment
env:
- name: COMMENT_DATABASE_HOST
value: comment-db
- То же для post.
post-mongodb-service.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: post-db
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
comment-db: "true"
spec:
ports:
- port: 27017
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 27017
selector:
app: reddit
component: mongo
comment-db: "true"
post-deployment.yml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: post
labels:
app: post
component: post
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: post
component: post
template:
metadata:
name: post
labels:
app: post
component: post
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/post
name: post
env:
- name: POST_DATABASE_HOST
value: post-db
- Пробросили порты
kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 ui-797f94946b-2wxx9 9292:9292и проверили. Всё работает!!! http://10.0.113.200:9292/ - Нам нужно как-то обеспечить доступ к ui-сервису снаружи. Для этого нам понадобится Service для UI-компоненты.
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- nodePort: 32092
port: 9292
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9292
selector:
app: reddit
component: ui
- Проверим доступ через адрес виртуалки с minikube.
minikube service ui
- Работает! http://192.168.99.100:32092/
- Список сервисов смотрим командой
minikube service list
|-------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|
| NAMESPACE | NAME | URL |
|-------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|
| default | comment | No node port |
| default | comment-db | No node port |
| default | kubernetes | No node port |
| default | mongodb | No node port |
| default | post | No node port |
| default | post-db | No node port |
| default | ui | http://192.168.99.100:32092 |
| kube-system | kube-dns | No node port |
| kube-system | kubernetes-dashboard | No node port |
|-------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|
- Список расширений minikube
minikube addons list
- addon-manager: enabled
- dashboard: enabled
- default-storageclass: enabled
- efk: disabled
- freshpod: disabled
- gvisor: disabled
- heapster: disabled
- ingress: disabled
- logviewer: disabled
- metrics-server: disabled
- nvidia-driver-installer: disabled
- nvidia-gpu-device-plugin: disabled
- registry: disabled
- registry-creds: disabled
- storage-provisioner: enabled
- storage-provisioner-gluster: disabled
- Объекты нашего dashboard
kubectl get all -n kube-system --selector app=kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7b8ddcb5d6-5qtp8 1/1 Running 0 59m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.108.116.238 <none> 80/TCP 59m
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/kubernetes-dashboard-7b8ddcb5d6 1 1 1 59m
- Зайдем в Dashboard
minikube service kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
- Создадим свой.
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: dev
- Добавим инфу об окружении внутрь контейнера UI
env:
- name: ENV
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- Создали кластер:
gcloud beta container --project "docker-239319" clusters create "standard-cluster-1" \
--zone "us-central1-a" --no-enable-basic-auth --cluster-version "1.12.8-gke.10" \
--machine-type "n1-standard-1" --image-type "COS" --disk-type "pd-standard" --disk-size "20" \
--scopes "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only",\
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write", \
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring",\
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol",\
"https:// www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly",\
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append" \
--num-nodes "2" --enable-cloud-logging --enable-cloud-monitoring --no-enable-ip-alias \
--network "projects/docker-239319/global/networks/default" \
--subnetwork "projects/docker-239319/regions/us-central1/subnetworks/default" \
--addons HorizontalPodAutoscaling,HttpLoadBalancing --enable-autoupgrade --enable-autorepair
- Подключимся к кластеру (нажать Connect и скопировать команду).
gcloud container clusters get-credentials standard-cluster-1 --zone us-central1-a --project docker-239319
- Проверяем командой
kubectl config current-context - Создадим dev namespace
kubectl apply -f reddit/dev-namespace.yml
- Задеплоим всё приложение в namespace dev:
kubectl apply -n dev -f reddit/
- Откроем Reddit для внешнего мира:
gcloud compute --project=docker-239319 firewall-rules create gce-cluster-reddit-app-access \
--direction=INGRESS --priority=1000 --network=default --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:30000-32767 \
--source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0
- Найдите внешний IP-адрес любой ноды из кластера
kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
gke-standard-cluster-1-default-pool-ab2dcd4c-pksp Ready <none> 52m v1.12.8-gke.10 10.128.0.3 35.238.120.12 Container-Optimized OS from Google 4.14.127+ docker://17.3.2
gke-standard-cluster-1-default-pool-ab2dcd4c-sz5s Ready <none> 52m v1.12.8-gke.10 10.128.0.4 35.238.22.205 Container-Optimized OS from Google 4.14.127+ docker://17.3.2
- Найдите порт публикации сервиса ui
kubectl describe service ui -n dev | grep NodePort
- Проверяем: http://35.238.120.12:32092/
- В кластере включаем addon dashboadd.
- Ждём пока кластер загрузится.
- Даём команду
kubectl proxy. - Заходим по адресу: http://localhost:8001/ui
- Провал, т.к. не хватает прав.
- Нужно нашему Service Account назначить роль с достаточными правами на просмотр информации о кластере В кластере уже есть объект ClusterRole с названием cluster-admin. Тот, кому назначена эта роль имеет полный доступ ко всем объектам кластера.
- Добавим их.
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubernetes-dashboard --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:kubernetes-dashboard
- Настроим соответствующим образом Service UI:
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
ports:
- port: 80
nodePort: 32092
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9292
selector:
app: reddit
component: ui
- Применяем изменения
kubectl apply -f ui-service.yml -n dev - Преверяем
kubectl get service -n dev --selector component=ui
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ui LoadBalancer 10.11.252.109 35.202.189.62 80:32092/TCP 135m
- Работает! http://35.202.189.62/
- Google в GKE уже предоставляет возможность использовать их собственные решения балансирощик в качестве Ingress controller-ов. Перейдите в настройки кластера раздел Дополнения(add-ons) в веб-консоли gcloud. Убедитесь, что встроенный Ingress включен.
- Создадим Ingress для сервиса UI.
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ui
spec:
backend:
serviceName: ui
servicePort: 80
- Применим
kubectl apply -f ui-ingress.yml -n dev. - В gke балансировщиках нагрузки появились несколько правил.
- Преоврим в кластере
kubectl get ingress -n dev
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ui * 35.244.196.102 80 4m5s
- Через 1-2 минуты проверяем. http://35.244.196.102/
- Один балансировщик можно спокойно убрать. Обновим сервис для UI.
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9292
nodePort: 32092
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9292
selector:
app: reddit
component: ui
- Применим
kubectl apply -f ui-service.yml -n dev - Заставим работать Ingress Controller как классический веб. ui-ingress.yml:
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ui
spec:
rules:
- http:
paths:
- path: /*
backend:
serviceName: ui
servicePort: 9292
- Применяем
kubectl apply -f ui-ingress.yml -n dev - Проверяем через 1-2 минуты: http://35.244.196.102/
- Защитим наш сервис с помощью TLS.
- Подготовим сертификат используя IP как CN.
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=35.244.196.102"
- Загрузит сертификат в кластер kubernetes.
kubectl create secret tls ui-ingress --key tls.key --cert tls.crt -n dev
- Проверить можно командой
kubectl describe secret ui-ingress -n dev.
Name: ui-ingress
Namespace: dev
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Type: kubernetes.io/tls
Data
====
tls.crt: 1127 bytes
tls.key: 1704 bytes
- TLS Termination. Настроим Ingress на прием только HTTPS траффика. ui-ingress.yml:
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ui
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.allow-http: "false"
spec:
tls:
- secretName: ui-ingress
backend:
serviceName: ui
servicePort: 9292
- Применим
kubectl apply -f ui-ingress.yml -n dev. - Проверим, подождав 1-2 минуты: https://35.244.196.102/
- Найдите имя кластера
gcloud beta container clusters list
NAME LOCATION MASTER_VERSION MASTER_IP MACHINE_TYPE NODE_VERSION NUM_NODES STATUS
standard-cluster-1 us-central1-a 1.12.8-gke.10 35.184.48.221 n1-standard-1 1.12.8-gke.10 2 RUNNING
- Включим network-policy для GKE.
gcloud beta container clusters update standard-cluster-1 --zone=us-central1-a --update-addons=NetworkPolicy=ENABLED
gcloud beta container clusters update standard-cluster-1 --zone=us-central1-a --enable-network-policy
- mongo-network-policy.yml:
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-db-traffic
labels:
app: reddit
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
policyTypes:
- Ingress
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: comment
- Применяем политику
kubectl apply -f mongo-network-policy.yml -n dev - Проверяем
kubectl -n dev get networkpolicy
- Обновим mongo-deployment.yml:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
template:
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
containers:
- image: mongo:3.2
name: mongo
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
mountPath: /data/db
volumes:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
emptyDir: {}
- Применили
kubectl apply -f mongo-deployment.yml -n dev - Создадим диск в Google Cloud.
gcloud compute disks create --size=25GB --zone=us-central1-a reddit-mongo-disk
- Добавим новый Volume POD-у базы.
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
template:
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
containers:
- image: mongo:3.2
name: mongo
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-gce-pd-storage
mountPath: /data/db
volumes:
- name: mongo-persistent-storage
emptyDir: {}
volumes:
- name: mongo-gce-pd-storage
gcePersistentDisk:
pdName: reddit-mongo-disk
fsType: ext4
- Монтируем выделенный диск к POD’у mongo
kubectl apply -f mongo-deployment.yml -n dev. !!! пересоздания Pod'а (занимает до 10 минут) !!!- После пересоздания mongo, посты сохранены.
- Создадим описание PersistentVolume mongo-volume.yml.
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: reddit-mongo-disk
spec:
capacity:
storage: 25Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
gcePersistentDisk:
fsType: "ext4"
pdName: "reddit-mongo-disk"
- Добавим PersistentVolume в кластер
kubectl apply -f mongo-volume.yml -n dev - Создадим описание PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) mongo-claim.yml:
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: mongo-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 15Gi
- Добавим PersistentVolumeClaim в кластер
kubectl apply -f mongo-claim.yml -n dev - Проверим
kubectl -n dev get pv - Одновременно использовать один PV можно только по одному Claim’у. Если Claim не найдет по заданным параметрам PV внутри кластера, либо тот будет занят другим Claim’ом то он сам создаст нужный ему PV воспользовавшись стандартным StorageClass.
kubectl describe storageclass standard -n dev
Name: standard
IsDefaultClass: Yes
Annotations: storageclass.beta.kubernetes.io/is-default-class=true
Provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
Parameters: type=pd-standard
AllowVolumeExpansion: <unset>
MountOptions: <none>
ReclaimPolicy: Delete
VolumeBindingMode: Immediate
Events: <none>
- Подключим PVC к нашим Pod'ам.
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
template:
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
containers:
- image: mongo:3.2
name: mongo
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-gce-pd-storage
mountPath: /data/db
volumes:
- name: mongo-gce-pd-storage
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: mongo-pvc
- Обновим описание нашего Deployment’а
kubectl apply -f mongo-deployment.yml -n dev
- Но гораздо интереснее создавать хранилища при необходимости и в автоматическом режиме. В этом нам помогут StorageClass’ы. Они описывают где (какой провайдер) и какие хранилища создаются.
- Создадим описание StorageClass’а storage-fast.yml:
---
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: fast
provisioner: kubernetes.io/gce-pd
parameters:
type: pd-ssd
- Добавим StorageClass в кластер
kubectl apply -f storage-fast.yml -n dev - Проверим
kubectl -n dev get sc - PVC + StorageClass. Создадим описание PersistentVolumeClaim. mongo-claim-dynamic.yml:
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: mongo-pvc-dynamic
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
storageClassName: fast
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
- Добавим StorageClass в кластер
kubectl apply -f mongo-claim-dynamic.yml -n dev - Подключим PVC к нашим Pod'ам mongo-deployment.yml:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
template:
metadata:
name: mongo
labels:
app: reddit
component: mongo
post-db: "true"
comment-db: "true"
spec:
containers:
- image: mongo:3.2
name: mongo
volumeMounts:
- name: mongo-gce-pd-storage
mountPath: /data/db
volumes:
- name: mongo-gce-pd-storage
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: mongo-pvc-dynamic
- Обновим описание нашего Deployment'а
kubectl apply -f mongo-deployment.yml -n dev - Проверяем
kubectl -n dev get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pvc-a9ee6fa2-9a98-11e9-8595-42010a800259 15Gi RWO Delete Bound dev/mongo-pvc standard 26m
pvc-e28041eb-9a9b-11e9-8595-42010a800259 10Gi RWO Delete Bound dev/mongo-pvc-dynamic fast 3m11s
reddit-mongo-disk 25Gi RWO Retain Available 30m
- Install Helm.
wget 'https://get.helm.sh/helm-v2.14.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz'
tar -xzf helm-v2.14.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz linux-amd64/helm
sudo mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin
rm -dfr linux-amd64 helm-v2.14.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
- Install Tiller.
cat << EOF > tiller.yml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: tiller
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: tiller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: tiller
namespace: kube-system
EOF
kubectl apply -f tiller.yml
- Запустим tiller-сервер
helm init --service-account tiller. - Проверим
kubectl get pods -n kube-system --selector app=helm.
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
tiller-deploy-7b659b7fbd-xnn62 1/1 Running 0 74s
- Создайте директорию Charts в папке kubernetes со следующей структурой директорий:
kubernetes
├──Charts
├── comment
├── post
├── reddit
└── ui
mkdir Charts
cd Charts
for d in comment post reddit ui; do mkdir $d;done
cd ..
tree Charts
- Создание чарта для ui.
cd Charts
cat << EOF > ui/Chart.yaml
name: ui
version: 1.0.0
description: OTUS reddit application UI
maintainers:
- name: AndrewZ
email: [email protected]
appVersion: 1.0
EOF
- Создание шаблонов для ui.
mkdir ui/templates
for f in deployment ingress service; do git mv ../reddit/ui-$f.yml ui/templates/$f.yaml;done
- Установим Chart.
helm install --name test-ui-1 ui/
- Проверяем
helm ls - Шаблонизируем chart-ы.
cat << EOF > ui/templates/service.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: {{ .Values.service.externalPort }}
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9292
selector:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
EOF
cat << EOF > ui/templates/deployment.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: Recreate
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
template:
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
containers:
- image: avzhalnin/ui
name: ui
ports:
- containerPort: 9292
name: ui
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: ENV
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
EOF
cat << EOF > ui/templates/ingress.yaml
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "gce"
spec:
rules:
- http:
paths:
- path: /*
backend:
serviceName: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
servicePort: 9292
EOF
- Определим значения собственных переменных
cat << EOF > ui/values.yaml
---
service:
internalPort: 9292
externalPort: 9292
image:
repository: avzhalnin/ui
tag: latest
EOF
- Установим несколько релизов
helm install ui --name ui-1
helm install ui --name ui-2
helm install ui --name ui-3
- Должны появиться 3 ingress'а
kubectl get ingress - Кастомизируем установку своими переменными (образ и порт).
cat << EOF > ui/templates/deployment.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: Recreate
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
template:
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
containers:
- image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}"
name: ui
ports:
- containerPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
name: ui
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: ENV
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
EOF
cat << EOF > ui/templates/service.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: {{ .Values.service.externalPort }}
protocol: TCP
targetPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
selector:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
EOF
cat << EOF > ui/templates/ingress.yaml
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "gce"
spec:
rules:
- http:
paths:
- path: /*
backend:
serviceName: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
servicePort: {{ .Values.service.externalPort }}
EOF
- Обновим чарты.
helm upgrade ui-1 ui/
helm upgrade ui-2 ui/
helm upgrade ui-3 ui/
- Осталось собрать пакеты для остальных компонент.
mkdir post/templates
cat << EOF > post/Chart.yaml
name: post
version: 1.0.0
description: OTUS reddit application POST
maintainers:
- name: AndrewZ
email: [email protected]
appVersion: 1.0
EOF
cat << EOF > post/templates/service.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: post
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: {{ .Values.service.externalPort }}
protocol: TCP
targetPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
selector:
app: reddit
component: post
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
EOF
cat << EOF > post/templates/deployment.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: post
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: post
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
template:
metadata:
name: post
labels:
app: reddit
component: post
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
containers:
- image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}"
name: post
ports:
- containerPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
name: post
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: POST_DATABASE_HOST
value: {{ .Values.databaseHost | default (printf "%s-mongodb" .Release.Name) }}
EOF
cat << EOF > post/values.yaml
---
service:
internalPort: 5000
externalPort: 5000
image:
repository: avzhalnin/post
tag: latest
databaseHost:
EOF
mkdir comment/templates
cat << EOF > comment/Chart.yaml
name: comment
version: 1.0.0
description: OTUS reddit application COMMENT
maintainers:
- name: AndrewZ
email: [email protected]
appVersion: 1.0
EOF
cat << EOF > comment/templates/service.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: {{ .Values.service.externalPort }}
protocol: TCP
targetPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
selector:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
EOF
cat << EOF > comment/templates/deployment.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
template:
metadata:
name: comment
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
containers:
- image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}"
name: comment
ports:
- containerPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
name: comment
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: COMMENT_DATABASE_HOST
value: {{ .Values.databaseHost | default (printf "%s-mongodb" .Release.Name) }}
EOF
cat << EOF > comment/values.yaml
---
service:
internalPort: 9292
externalPort: 9292
image:
repository: avzhalnin/comment
tag: latest
databaseHost:
EOF
- Helper for comment.
cat << EOF > comment/templates/_helpers.tpl
{{- define "comment.fullname" -}}
{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name .Chart.Name }}
{{- end -}}
EOF
- Use helper.
cat << EOF > comment/templates/service.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ template "comment.fullname" . }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: {{ .Values.service.externalPort }}
protocol: TCP
targetPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
selector:
app: reddit
component: comment
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
EOF
- Helper for post and ui.
cat << EOF > post/templates/_helpers.tpl
{{- define "post.fullname" -}}
{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name .Chart.Name }}
{{- end -}}
EOF
cat << EOF > ui/templates/_helpers.tpl
{{- define "ui.fullname" -}}
{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name .Chart.Name }}
{{- end -}}
EOF
- Создайте reddit/Chart.yaml
cat << EOF > reddit/Chart.yaml
name: reddit
version: 1.0.0
description: OTUS simple reddit application
maintainers:
- name: AndrewZ
email: [email protected]
appVersion: 1.0
EOF
- Создайте пустой reddit/values.yaml
touch reddit/values.yaml
- В директории Chart'а reddit создадим
cat << EOF > reddit/requirements.yaml
dependencies:
- name: ui
version: "1.0.0"
repository: "file://../ui"
- name: post
version: 1.0.0
repository: file://../post
- name: comment
version: 1.0.0
repository: file://../comment
EOF
- Нужно загрузить зависимости (когда Chart’ не упакован в tgz архив)
helm dep update
- Chart для базы данных не будем создавать вручную. Возьмем готовый.
- Найдем Chart в общедоступном репозитории
helm search mongo - Обновим зависимости.
cat << EOF > reddit/requirements.yaml
dependencies:
- name: ui
version: "1.0.0"
repository: "file://../ui"
- name: post
version: 1.0.0
repository: file://../post
- name: comment
version: 1.0.0
repository: file://../comment
- name: mongodb
version: 0.4.18
repository: https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
EOF
- Выгрузим зависимости
helm dep update - Установим наше приложение:
cd ..
helm install reddit --name reddit-test
- Есть проблема с тем, что UI-сервис не знает как правильно ходить в post и comment сервисы. Ведь их имена теперь динамические и зависят от имен чартов В Dockerfile UI-сервиса уже заданы переменные окружения. Надо, чтобы они указывали на нужные бекенды.
- Добавим в ui/deployments.yaml
cat << EOF > ui/deployments.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: {{ .Release.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Name }}
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: Recreate
selector:
matchLabels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
template:
metadata:
name: ui
labels:
app: reddit
component: ui
release: {{ .Release.Name }}
spec:
containers:
- image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}"
name: ui
ports:
- containerPort: {{ .Values.service.internalPort }}
name: ui
protocol: TCP
env:
- name: POST_SERVICE_HOST
value: {{ .Values.postHost | default (printf "%s-post" .Release.Name) }}
- name: POST_SERVICE_PORT
value: {{ .Values.postPort | default "5000" | quote }}
- name: COMMENT_SERVICE_HOST
value: {{ .Values.commentHost | default (printf "%s-comment".Release.Name) }}
- name: COMMENT_SERVICE_PORT
value: {{ .Values.commentPort | default "9292" | quote }}
- name: ENV
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
EOF
- Создадим reddit/values.yaml
cat << EOF > reddit/values.yaml
comment:
image:
repository: avzhalnin/comment
tag: latest
service:
externalPort: 9292
post:
image:
repository: avzhalnin/post
tag: latest
service:
externalPort: 5000
ui:
image:
repository: avzhalnin/ui
tag: latest
service:
externalPort: 9292
EOF
- После обновления UI - нужно обновить зависимости чарта reddit.
helm dep update ./reddit - Обновите релиз, установленный в k8s
helm upgrade reddit-test ./reddit - Проверяем http://35.244.135.236/
- Добавили bigpool в кластер с более мощной виртуалкой.
- Отключите RBAC (в настройках кластера - Устаревшие права доступа Legacy Authorization) для упрощения работы. Gitlab-Omnibus пока не подготовлен для этого, а самим это в рамках аботы смысла делать нет.
- Добавим репозиторий Gitlab
helm repo add gitlab https://charts.gitlab.io. - Мы будем менять конфигурацию Gitlab, поэтому скачаем Chart.
helm fetch gitlab/gitlab-omnibus --version 0.1.37 --untar
cd gitlab-omnibus
- Поправьте gitlab-omnibus/values.yaml
cat << EOF > values.yaml
# Default values for kubernetes-gitlab-demo.
# This is a YAML-formatted file.
# Required variables
# baseDomain is the top-most part of the domain. Subdomains will be generated
# for gitlab, mattermost, registry, and prometheus.
# Recommended to set up an A record on the DNS to *.your-domain.com to point to
# the baseIP
# e.g. *.your-domain.com. A 300 baseIP
baseDomain: example.com
# legoEmail is a valid email address used by Let's Encrypt. It does not have to
# be at the baseDomain.
legoEmail: [email protected]
# Optional variables
# baseIP is an externally provisioned static IP address to use instead of the provisioned one.
# baseIP: 35.184.199.209
nameOverride: gitlab
# \`ce\` or \`ee\`
gitlab: ce
gitlabCEImage: gitlab/gitlab-ce:10.1.0-ce.0
gitlabEEImage: gitlab/gitlab-ee:10.1.0-ee.0
postgresPassword: NDl1ZjNtenMxcWR6NXZnbw==
initialSharedRunnersRegistrationToken: "tQtCbx5UZy_ByS7FyzUH"
mattermostAppSecret: NDl1ZjNtenMxcWR6NXZnbw==
mattermostAppUID: aadas
redisImage: redis:3.2.10
redisDedicatedStorage: true
#redisStorageSize: 5Gi
redisAccessMode: ReadWriteOnce
postgresImage: postgres:9.6.5
# If you disable postgresDedicatedStorage, you should consider bumping up gitlabRailsStorageSize
postgresDedicatedStorage: true
postgresAccessMode: ReadWriteOnce
#postgresStorageSize: 30Gi
gitlabDataAccessMode: ReadWriteOnce
#gitlabDataStorageSize: 30Gi
gitlabRegistryAccessMode: ReadWriteOnce
#gitlabRegistryStorageSize: 30Gi
gitlabConfigAccessMode: ReadWriteOnce
#gitlabConfigStorageSize: 1Gi
gitlabRunnerImage: gitlab/gitlab-runner:alpine-v10.1.0
# Valid values for provider are \`gke\` for Google Container Engine. Leaving it blank (or any othervalue) will disable fast disk options.
provider: gke
## Storage Class Options
## If defined, volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: <storageClass>
## If not defined, but provider is gke, will use SSDs
## Otherwise default: volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class: default
#gitlabConfigStorageClass: default
#gitlabDataStorageClass: default
#gitlabRegistryStorageClass: default
#postgresStorageClass: default
#redisStorageClass: default
healthCheckToken: 'SXBAQichEJasbtDSygrD'
# Optional, for GitLab EE images only
#gitlabEELicense: base64-encoded-license
gitlab-runner:
checkInterval: 1
# runnerRegistrationToken must equal initialSharedRunnersRegistrationToken
runnerRegistrationToken: "tQtCbx5UZy_ByS7FyzUH"
# resources:
# limits:
# memory: 500Mi
# cpu: 600m
# requests:
# memory: 500Mi
# cpu: 600m
runners:
privileged: true
## Build Container specific configuration
##
# builds:
# cpuLimit: 200m
# memoryLimit: 256Mi
# cpuRequests: 100m
# memoryRequests: 128Mi
## Service Container specific configuration
##
# services:
# cpuLimit: 200m
# memoryLimit: 256Mi
# cpuRequests: 100m
# memoryRequests: 128Mi
## Helper Container specific configuration
##
# helpers:
# cpuLimit: 200m
# memoryLimit: 256Mi
# cpuRequests: 100m
# memoryRequests: 128Mi
EOF
- Поправить gitlab-omnibus/templates/gitlab/gitlab-svc.yaml
cat << EOF > templates/gitlab/gitlab-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: {{ template "fullname" . }}
labels:
app: {{ template "fullname" . }}
chart: "{{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version }}"
release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"
heritage: "{{ .Release.Service }}"
spec:
selector:
name: {{ template "fullname" . }}
ports:
- name: ssh
port: 22
targetPort: ssh
- name: mattermost
port: 8065
targetPort: mattermost
- name: registry
port: 8105
targetPort: registry
- name: workhorse
port: 8005
targetPort: workhorse
- name: prometheus
port: 9090
targetPort: prometheus
- name: web
port: 80
targetPort: workhorse
EOF
- Поправить в gitlab-omnibus/templates/gitlab-config.yaml
cat << EOF > templates/gitlab-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: {{ template "fullname" . }}-config
labels:
app: {{ template "fullname" . }}
chart: "{{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version }}"
release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"
heritage: "{{ .Release.Service }}"
data:
external_scheme: http
external_hostname: {{ template "fullname" . }}
registry_external_scheme: https
registry_external_hostname: registry.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
mattermost_external_scheme: https
mattermost_external_hostname: mattermost.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
mattermost_app_uid: {{ .Values.mattermostAppUID }}
postgres_user: gitlab
postgres_db: gitlab_production
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: {{ template "fullname" . }}-secrets
labels:
app: {{ template "fullname" . }}
chart: "{{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version }}"
release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"
heritage: "{{ .Release.Service }}"
data:
postgres_password: {{ .Values.postgresPassword }}
initial_shared_runners_registration_token: {{ default "" .Values.initialSharedRunnersRegistrationToken | b64enc | quote }}
mattermost_app_secret: {{ .Values.mattermostAppSecret | b64enc | quote }}
{{- if .Values.gitlabEELicense }}
gitlab_ee_license: {{ .Values.gitlabEELicense | b64enc | quote }}
{{- end }}
EOF
- Поправить в
gitlab-omnibus/templates/ingress/gitlab-ingress.yaml
cat << EOF > templates/ingress/gitlab-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: {{ template "fullname" . }}
labels:
app: {{ template "fullname" . }}
chart: "{{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version }}"
release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"
heritage: "{{ .Release.Service }}"
annotations:
kubernetes.io/tls-acme: "true"
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- gitlab.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
- registry.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
- mattermost.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
- prometheus.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
secretName: gitlab-tls
rules:
- host: {{ template "fullname" . }}
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: {{ template "fullname" . }}
servicePort: 8005
- host: registry.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: {{ template "fullname" . }}
servicePort: 8105
- host: mattermost.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: {{ template "fullname" . }}
servicePort: 8065
- host: prometheus.{{ .Values.baseDomain }}
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: {{ template "fullname" . }}
servicePort: 9090
---
EOF
- Установим Gitlab
helm install --name gitlab . -f values.yaml. - Должно пройти несколько минут. Найдите выданный IP-адрес ingress-контроллера nginx.
kubectl get service -n nginx-ingress nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx LoadBalancer 10.11.253.79 35.238.203.247 80:31428/TCP,443:31374/TCP,22:30531/TCP 2m53s
- Поместите запись в локальный файл /etc/hosts (поставьте свой IP-адрес):
sudo sh -c 'echo "35.238.203.247 gitlab-gitlab staging production" >> /etc/hosts'
- Запустить http://gitlab-gitlab/
- Создать группу и проекты.
- В директории Gitlab_ci/ui:
git init
git remote add origin http://gitlab-gitlab/avzhalnin/ui.git
git add .
git commit -am 'Init'
git push origin master
- В директории Gitlab_ci/comment:
git init
git remote add origin http://gitlab-gitlab/avzhalnin/comment.git
git add .
git commit -am 'Init'
git push origin master
- В директории Gitlab_ci/post:
git init
git remote add origin http://gitlab-gitlab/avzhalnin/post.git
git add .
git commit -am 'Init'
git push origin master
- В директории Gitlab_ci/reddit-deploy:
git init
git remote add origin http://gitlab-gitlab/avzhalnin/reddit-deploy.git
git add .
git commit -am 'Init'
git push origin master
- Для ui добавим
cat << EOF > .gitlab-ci.yml
image: alpine:latest
stages:
- build
- test
- review
- release
build:
stage: build
image: docker:git
services:
- docker:dind
script:
- setup_docker
- build
variables:
DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
only:
- branches
test:
stage: test
script:
- exit 0
only:
- branches
release:
stage: release
image: docker
services:
- docker:dind
script:
- setup_docker
- release
only:
- master
review:
stage: review
script:
- install_dependencies
- ensure_namespace
- install_tiller
- deploy
variables:
KUBE_NAMESPACE: review
host: \$CI_PROJECT_PATH_SLUG-\$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
environment:
name: review/\$CI_PROJECT_PATH/\$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME
url: http://\$CI_PROJECT_PATH_SLUG-\$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
only:
refs:
- branches
kubernetes: active
except:
- master
.auto_devops: &auto_devops |
[[ "\$TRACE" ]] && set -x
export CI_REGISTRY="index.docker.io"
export CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY=\$CI_REGISTRY/\$CI_PROJECT_PATH
export CI_APPLICATION_TAG=\$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
export CI_CONTAINER_NAME=ci_job_build_\${CI_JOB_ID}
export TILLER_NAMESPACE="kube-system"
function deploy() {
track="\${1-stable}"
name="\$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG"
if [[ "\$track" != "stable" ]]; then
name="\$name-\$track"
fi
echo "Clone deploy repository..."
git clone http://gitlab-gitlab/\$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/reddit-deploy.git
echo "Download helm dependencies..."
helm dep update reddit-deploy/reddit
echo "Deploy helm release \$name to \$KUBE_NAMESPACE"
helm upgrade --install \
--wait \
--set ui.ingress.host="\$host" \
--set \$CI_PROJECT_NAME.image.tag=\$CI_APPLICATION_TAG \
--namespace="\$KUBE_NAMESPACE" \
--version="\$CI_PIPELINE_ID-\$CI_JOB_ID" \
"\$name" \
reddit-deploy/reddit/
}
function install_dependencies() {
apk add -U openssl curl tar gzip bash ca-certificates git
wget -q -O /etc/apk/keys/sgerrand.rsa.pub https://alpine-pkgs.sgerrand.com/sgerrand.rsa.pub
wget https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.23-r3/glibc-2.23-r3.apk
apk add glibc-2.23-r3.apk
rm glibc-2.23-r3.apk
curl https://storage.googleapis.com/pub/gsutil.tar.gz | tar -xz -C \$HOME
export PATH=\${PATH}:\$HOME/gsutil
curl https://kubernetes-helm.storage.googleapis.com/helm-v2.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar zx
mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/bin/
helm version --client
curl -o /usr/bin/sync-repo.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/helm/master/scripts/sync-repo.sh
chmod a+x /usr/bin/sync-repo.sh
curl -L -o /usr/bin/kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/\$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x /usr/bin/kubectl
kubectl version --client
}
function setup_docker() {
if ! docker info &>/dev/null; then
if [ -z "\$DOCKER_HOST" -a "\$KUBERNETES_PORT" ]; then
export DOCKER_HOST='tcp://localhost:2375'
fi
fi
}
function ensure_namespace() {
kubectl describe namespace "\$KUBE_NAMESPACE" || kubectl create namespace "\$KUBE_NAMESPACE"
}
function release() {
echo "Updating docker images ..."
if [[ -n "\$CI_REGISTRY_USER" ]]; then
echo "Logging to GitLab Container Registry with CI credentials..."
docker login -u "\$CI_REGISTRY_USER" -p "\$CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD"
echo ""
fi
docker pull "\$CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:\$CI_APPLICATION_TAG"
docker tag "\$CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:\$CI_APPLICATION_TAG" "\$CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:\$(cat VERSION)"
docker push "\$CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:\$(cat VERSION)"
echo ""
}
function build() {
echo "Building Dockerfile-based application..."
echo `git show --format="%h" HEAD | head -1` > build_info.txt
echo `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD` >> build_info.txt
docker build -t "\$CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:\$CI_APPLICATION_TAG" .
if [[ -n "\$CI_REGISTRY_USER" ]]; then
echo "Logging to GitLab Container Registry with CI credentials..."
docker login -u "\$CI_REGISTRY_USER" -p "\$CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD"
echo ""
fi
echo "Pushing to GitLab Container Registry..."
docker push "\$CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY:\$CI_APPLICATION_TAG"
echo ""
}
function install_tiller() {
echo "Checking Tiller..."
helm init --upgrade
kubectl rollout status -n "\$TILLER_NAMESPACE" -w "deployment/tiller-deploy"
if ! helm version --debug; then
echo "Failed to init Tiller."
return 1
fi
echo ""
}
before_script:
- *auto_devops
EOF
- После деплоя появилась ветка в кубере!
helm ls
NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART APP VERSION NAMESPACE
gitlab 1 Mon Jul 1 16:51:22 2019 DEPLOYED gitlab-omnibus-0.1.37 default
review-avzhalnin-2lvl84 1 Mon Jul 1 20:50:54 2019 DEPLOYED reddit-1.0.0 1 review
- Насмотревшись, удалим руками через gitlab.
helm ls
gitlab 1 Mon Jul 1 16:51:22 2019 DEPLOYED gitlab-omnibus-0.1.37 default
review-avzhalnin-0g3bjj 1 Mon Jul 1 21:03:11 2019 DEPLOYED reddit-1.0.0 1 review
review-avzhalnin-mb4aj8 1 Mon Jul 1 21:03:11 2019 DEPLOYED reddit-1.0.0 1 review
- То же самое проделали с comment и post.
- Теперь создадим staging и production среды для работы приложения. Создайте файл reddit-deploy/.gitlab-ci.yml
- Этот файл отличается от предыдущих тем, что:
- Не собирает docker-образы
- Деплоит на статичные окружения (staging и production)
- Не удаляет окружения
cat << EOF > .gitlab-ci.yml
image: alpine:latest
stages:
- test
- staging
- production
test:
stage: test
script:
- exit 0
only:
- triggers
- branches
staging:
stage: staging
script:
- install_dependencies
- ensure_namespace
- install_tiller
- deploy
variables:
KUBE_NAMESPACE: staging
environment:
name: staging
url: http://staging
only:
refs:
- master
kubernetes: active
production:
stage: production
script:
- install_dependencies
- ensure_namespace
- install_tiller
- deploy
variables:
KUBE_NAMESPACE: production
environment:
name: production
url: http://production
when: manual
only:
refs:
- master
kubernetes: active
.auto_devops: &auto_devops |
# Auto DevOps variables and functions
[[ "\$TRACE" ]] && set -x
export CI_REGISTRY="index.docker.io"
export CI_APPLICATION_REPOSITORY=\$CI_REGISTRY/\$CI_PROJECT_PATH
export CI_APPLICATION_TAG=\$CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
export CI_CONTAINER_NAME=ci_job_build_\${CI_JOB_ID}
export TILLER_NAMESPACE="kube-system"
function deploy() {
echo \$KUBE_NAMESPACE
track="\${1-stable}"
name="\$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG"
helm dep build reddit
# for microservice in \$(helm dep ls | grep "file://" | awk '{print \$1}') ; do
# SET_VERSION="\$SET_VERSION \ --set \$microservice.image.tag='\$(curl http://gitlab-gitlab/\$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/ui/raw/master/VERSION)' "
helm upgrade --install \
--wait \
--set ui.ingress.host="\$host" \
--set ui.image.tag="\$(curl http://gitlab-gitlab/\$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/ui/raw/master/VERSION)" \
--set post.image.tag="\$(curl http://gitlab-gitlab/\$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/post/raw/master/VERSION)" \
--set comment.image.tag="\$(curl http://gitlab-gitlab/\$CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE/comment/raw/master/VERSION)" \
--namespace="\$KUBE_NAMESPACE" \
--version="\$CI_PIPELINE_ID-\$CI_JOB_ID" \
"\$name" \
reddit
}
function install_dependencies() {
apk add -U openssl curl tar gzip bash ca-certificates git
wget -q -O /etc/apk/keys/sgerrand.rsa.pub https://alpine-pkgs.sgerrand.com/sgerrand.rsa.pub
wget https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.23-r3/glibc-2.23-r3.apk
apk add glibc-2.23-r3.apk
rm glibc-2.23-r3.apk
curl https://kubernetes-helm.storage.googleapis.com/helm-v2.7.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar zx
mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/bin/
helm version --client
curl -L -o /usr/bin/kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/\$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x /usr/bin/kubectl
kubectl version --client
}
function ensure_namespace() {
kubectl describe namespace "\$KUBE_NAMESPACE" || kubectl create namespace "\$KUBE_NAMESPACE"
}
function install_tiller() {
echo "Checking Tiller..."
helm init --upgrade
kubectl rollout status -n "\$TILLER_NAMESPACE" -w "deployment/tiller-deploy"
if ! helm version --debug; then
echo "Failed to init Tiller."
return 1
fi
echo ""
}
function delete() {
track="\${1-stable}"
name="\$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG"
helm delete "\$name" || true
}
before_script:
- *auto_devops
EOF
• Stackdriver Logging - Отключен • Stackdriver Monitoring - Отключен • Устаревшие права доступа - Включено
helm install stable/nginx-ingress --name nginx
- Найдите IP-адрес, выданный nginx’у
kubectl get svc nginx-nginx-ingress-controller
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx-nginx-ingress-controller LoadBalancer 10.11.249.158 34.68.195.196 80:31274/TCP,443:30546/TCP 3m3s
- Добавьте в /etc/hosts
sudo sh -c 'echo "34.68.195.196 reddit reddit-prometheus reddit-grafana reddit-non-prod production reddit-kibana staging prod" >> /etc/hosts'
- Загрузим prometheus локально в Charts каталог
cd kubernetes/Charts && helm fetch —-untar stable/prometheus
- Создайте внутри директории чарта файл
wget 'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/chromko/2bd290f7becdf707cde836ba1ea6ec5c/raw/c17372866867607cf4a0445eb519f9c2c377a0ba/gistfile1.txt' -O custom_values.yaml
- Запустите Prometheus в k8s из Charsts/prometheus
helm upgrade prom . -f custom_values.yaml --install
- Заходим http://reddit-prometheus
- Отметим, что можно собирать метрики cadvisor’а (который уже является частью kubelet) через проксирующий запрос в kube-api-server.
- Если зайти по ssh на любую из машин кластера и запросить
curl http://localhost:4194/metricsто получим те же метрики у kubelet напрямую. - Но вариант с kube-api предпочтительней, т.к. этот трафик шифруется TLS и требует аутентификации.
- Все найденные на эндпоинтах метрики сразу же отобразятся в списке (вкладка Graph). Метрики Cadvisor начинаются с
container_. - Cadvisor собирает лишь информацию о потреблении ресурсов и производительности отдельных docker-контейнеров. При этом он ничего не знает о сущностях k8s (деплойменты, репликасеты, …).
- Для сбора этой информации будем использовать сервис kube-state-metrics. Он входит в чарт Prometheus. Включим его.
prometheus/custom_values.yml:
kubeStateMetrics:
## If false, kube-state-metrics will not be installed
##
enabled: true
- Обновим релиз
helm upgrade prom . -f custom_values.yaml --install - В Target Prometheus появился
kubernetes-service-endpoints component="kube-state-metrics". А в Graph появилсяkube_deployment_metadata_generation. - По аналогии с kube_state_metrics включите (enabled: true) поды node-exporter в custom_values.yml.
prometheus/custom_values.yml:
nodeExporter:
## If false, node-exporter will not be installed
##
enabled: true
- Обновим релиз
helm upgrade prom . -f custom_values.yaml --install - В Target Prometheus появился
kubernetes-service-endpoints component="node-exporter". А в Graph появилсяnode_exporter_build_info.
- Запустите приложение из helm чарта reddit
helm upgrade reddit-test ./reddit --install
helm upgrade production --namespace production ./reddit --install
helm upgrade staging --namespace staging ./reddit --install
- Раньше мы “хардкодили” адреса/dns-имена наших приложений для сбора метрик с них. Теперь мы можем использовать механизм ServiceDiscovery для обнаружения приложений, запущенных в k8s. Используем действие keep, чтобы оставить только эндпоинты сервисов с метками “app=reddit”
- Модернизируем конфиг prometheus
custom_values.yml
- job_name: 'reddit-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_label_app]
action: keep
regex: reddit
- Обновим релиз
helm upgrade prom . -f custom_values.yaml --install - Мы получили эндпоинты, но что это за поды мы не знаем. Добавим метки k8s Все лейблы и аннотации k8s изначально отображаются в prometheus в формате:
__meta_kubernetes_service_label_labelname
__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_annotationname
- Изменим custom_values.yml
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- Сейчас мы собираем метрики со всех сервисов reddit’а в 1 группе target-ов. Мы можем отделить target-ы компонент друг от друга (по окружениям, по самим компонентам), а также выключать и включать опцию мониторинга для них с помощью все тех же labelов.
- Например, добавим в конфиг еще 1 job.
- job_name: 'reddit-production'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_label_app, __meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: keep
regex: reddit;(production|staging)+
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
- Обновим релиз
helm upgrade prom . -f custom_values.yaml --install - В Target Prometheus появился
reddit-production (15/15 up) - Метрики будут отображаться для всех инстансов приложений в Graph
ui_health_post_availability. - Разбейте конфигурацию job’а
reddit-endpoints(слайд 24) так, чтобы было 3 job’а для каждой из компонент приложений (post-endpoints, commentendpoints, ui-endpoints), а reddit-endpoints уберите.
- Поставим также grafana с помощью helm в папку Charts.
helm upgrade --install grafana stable/grafana --set "server.adminPassword=admin" \
--set "server.service.type=NodePort" \
--set "server.ingress.enabled=true" \
--set "server.ingress.hosts={reddit-grafana}"
- Заходим http://reddit-grafana/